vyb- @@@ @@@@ NfnsGo EN DB U3 > EEEFH  Oetting1994bllation de Dreamweaver 4ζsInstall Aladdin Expander 6.0.1\fwNapster InstallerQVInstallation ClarisWorks  ClarisWorksy Adobe Illustrator 6.0y]/ PAUP 3.1.1ExceliѸ0 EPSON Photo!2 Ver.2"||p Dendrogramssmc":C/<:C-vF$ZNikiSmrt&alis2.4M:J.<:K0@:C..1Vx:I`:Kp:QM:I`:K:Q.. :I`v.tjecter:K:Q..\1Vx:I`:L `:Q 4M:I`:K`-<:LP :C.\.<:I`v.|Bureau:L:Q.`.1Vx:I`:L:Q<PM:I`:Mp:Q+X Oosterhoff1993oOuchiOutreman1999Outreman2001Outreman2001 P.19901  Pascal1998  Pascal19989  Pascal2002 Pascal20022 Paul1996- Pavis2000 Perez1996 Perl-Treves2000 Perring1992; Perring1993 Perring1994 Perring19940 Pesel1989 Peters19989 Peterschmitt20012  Pettersson1993 Pettersson1997j Pfeiffer1998$ Pfeiffer2002  Pham-Delegue1996= Picard20000 Pickett19935 Pickett1996 Pickett1997 Pierre19842 Pierre19852 Pierre19872 Pierre19878 Pierre1987 Pierre19888 Pierre19902 Pierre19902 Pierre1990 Pierre19919 Pierre19932 Pierre19939 Pierre1994t Pierre19949 Pierre19955 Pierre19959 Pierre19962 Pierre19962 Pierre19979 Pierre19979 Pierre1997t Pierre19982 Pierre19988 Pierre19989 Pierre19989 Pierre19999 Pierre19999 Pierre19992 Pierre19999 Pierre19999 Pierre2001t Pierre20010 Pierre20011 Pietro di1994 Pietro di1995 Pietro Di1995 Pietro di1997 Pietro di1998 Piron19964 Pirone1995&9 Pitrat19955 Plantegenest1994= Plantegenest1997= Plantegenest1997 Plantegenest1999= Plantegenest2001 Plantegenest2001 Poessel2002 Pollard1955h Pollard1973Posthuma1998n Powell19924 Powell1995&5 Powell1996P| Powell19989 Pracros1999 Prado1994a Prado1997Prystupa1988< Quiroz1997P Radcliffe1996 Rahbe1996 Rahb19927 Rahb19928 Rahb1993> Rahb1993f Rahb1994 Rahb19959 Rahb1995 Rahb1996 Rahb1996: Rahb1996 Rahb1996d Rahb1997v Rahb1997 Rahb1998? 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Walker1992P Walker1994P Walker19999 Walker2000 Walker2001 Walker20022% Weight1968Weinbaum2001 Whitecross1986j Whitham1994 Wilde1994 Wilkinson1995 Woodcock199391Woodford19942Woodford1994-3Woodford1994-_ Wright1985 Wyatt1997 Xu1996t Xu19988 Xu2001n Yendol19727` Young1995 Zareh19929o Tatsukif Tertuliano1994PXThijssen19939|Thompson1998-Thompson20000 Tingey19848 Tingey19889x Tingey1996i Tjallingii$$$$j Tjallingii$$$$jF Tjallingii1978G Tjallingii1978< Tjallingii1982q Tjallingii1982* Tjallingii1984 Tjallingii1985jH Tjallingii1985jI Tjallingii1985J Tjallingii1985jK Tjallingii1986L Tjallingii1987 Tjallingii1987M Tjallingii1988j. Tjallingii1989N Tjallingii1989 Tjallingii1990D Tjallingii1990O Tjallingii1990-T Tjallingii1990b Tjallingii1992Ps Tjallingii1992jP Tjallingii1993jW Tjallingii1993X Tjallingii1993Y Tjallingii19936 Tjallingii1994Q Tjallingii1994Z Tjallingii1994f Tjallingii1994P\ Tjallingii1995j] Tjallingii1995- Tjallingii1996a Tjallingii1997; Toscano1993Tricault1999R Triseleva1995 Trottet1997 Trottet1998Zvan Beek19949\van Beek19955\ van Heest1995S van Helden1990T van Helden1990U van Helden1992V van Helden1992jW van Helden1993X van Helden1993Y van Helden1993Z van Helden1994[ van Helden1995\ van Helden1995j] van Helden1995-e van Helden1996P* Van Rheenen1984 Wadhams1993 Wadhams1997 Waetermeulen1999= Wajnberg Walker2000 Wauters1999% Weight1968 Whitecross1986j Whitham1994 Wilde1994^ Wilkinson1995 Woodcock199391Woodford19942Woodford1994-3Woodford1994-_ Wright1985 Wyatt1997` Young1995al3+/03 A > EFH  Rymp. Insect-Plant Relationships 4-Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherland@280-282Ent 1688&RPI, Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG,l*#Collar, J.L. Avilla, C. Fereres, A.` 1997VPNew correlations between aphid stylet paths and nonpersistent virus transmissionEnviron. Entomol. *#9301 Annapolis Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 Entomol Soc Amer263537- Authors<<$2(Journalsfc2Keywords==W  //  >   R   3R3/0>  >E 3 >  A+0 /$0*2emes Journes Interactions Plante-Insecte0*3emes Journes Interactions Plante-Insecte,(5th Int. Symp. Insect-Plant Relationship,)8th Int. Symp. Insect-Plant Relationships?????LGActa Oecologica Oecologia Applicata Acta Oecologica Oecologia Applicata2(#Acta Oecologica Oecologia Generaliser0*Ann. appl. Biol. Annals of applied BiologyAnn. Entomol. Soc. Am.ien0-Ann. entomol. Soc. Am. Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.HEAnn. Entomol. Soc. Am. Annals of the Entomological Society of AmericaLGAnn. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Annals of the Entomological Society of America(HBAnn. Soc. Entom. Fr. Annales de la Socit Entomologique de France@=`[Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France2Aphid migration and forecasting 'Euraphid' systems in European Community countries. Commission of the European Communities, LuxembourgF$!Aphid-Plant Genotype interactionshdAphids in natural and managed ecosystems. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Aphidsr82Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control=83Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control.= Apidologiexp.Appl. Ent. Zool.cBehavioural Processes,)Biology of Behaviour Biology of BehaviourBull. ent. Res.mo$Bull. OILB/SROP Bull. OILB/SROPiqBulletin Oilb/Sropnt (%Bulletin Oilb/Srop Bulletin Oilb/Srop Bulletin SROP Bulletin SROP Bulletin SROPti Can. J. Bot.PliComptes Rendus de l'Acadmie d'Agriculture de France Comptes Rendus de l'Acadmie d'Agriculture de FrancePMCucurbitaceae 2000 - The 7th EUCARPIA Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics & BreedingDepartment of EntomolgyomDepartment of Entomologyf$!Ecol. Model. Ecological Modelling0+Ecological Entomology Ecological EntomologyEntomol Exp applO<8Entomol Exp Appl Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata'@:Entomol Exp. Appl. Entomologia Experimantalis et ApplicataݐEntomol. exp. appl. E@;Entomol. exp. appl. Entomologia experimentalis et applicata'@8Applications of artificial feeding techniques for aphids:3Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control.Y  Amsterdam .'A.K. Minks & P. Harrewijn, Ed Elsevieri2B 3e145-170rb\puceron, milieu artificiel, insecte, seve, nutrition, salive, comportement, phagostimulants,Ent 01980*Montlor, C.B. Campbell, B.C. Mittler, T.E. 1983Natural and induced differences in probing behavior of two biotypes of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, in relation to resistance in sorghum U h Entomol. exp. appl.34 99-106.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataresistance, induite, plante, Homoptera, aphididae, comportement, EPG, behavior, biotype, greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, sorghum, sorgho e x $ Lydiavoir Yvan % Ent 1336$Montlor, C.B. Tjallingii, W.F. 1989RLStylet penetration by two aphid species on susceptible and resistant lettuceEntomol. Exp. Appl. 52103-111.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata@ 1954nhHomoptera, Aphididae, Myzus persicae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Stylet, EPG, Rsistance, Lactuca sativa, RPIMott, R. 2000TMAccurate formula for p-values of gapped local sequence and profile alignmentsO"Journal of Molecular Biology 3003649-659HMM, markov, statEPG, HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE; SEARCHES; SCORES; TOOL , alignement de squenceDA simple general approximation for the distribution of gapped local alignment scores is presented, suitable for assessing significance of comparisons between two protein sequences or a sequence and a profile. The approximation takes account of the scoring scheme (i.e. gap penalty and substitution matrix or profile), sequence composition and length. Use of this formula means it is unnecessary to fit an extreme-value distribution to simulations or to the results of databank searches. The method is based on the theoretical ideas introduced by R. Mott and R. Tribe in 1999. Extensive simulation studies show that score-thresholds produced by the method are accurate to within +/-5% 95% of the time. We also investigate factors which effect the accuracy of alignment statistics, and show that any method based on asymptotic theory is limited because asymptotic behaviour is not strictly achieved for many real protein sequences, due to extreme composition effects. Consequently, it may not be practicable to find a general formula that is significantly more accurate until the sub-asymptotic behaviour of alignments is better understood. (C) 2000 Academic Press.MOTT R WELLCOME TRUST,CTR HUMAN GENET;ROOSEVELT DR;OX3 7BN OXFORD, ENGLAND. Richard.Mott@well.ox.ac.uk ACADEMIC PRESS LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND,http://www.apnet.comn Richard.Mott@well.ox.ac.uk'jdWellcome Trust, Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICSNauen, R. Elbert, A. 1997wApparent tolerence of a field collected strain of Myzus nicotianae to imidacloprid due to strong antifeeding responses. 2 B  Pestic. Sci.49252-258Ent 1775|vHomoptera, Aphididae, Myzus nicotianidae, Lutte chimique, Imidaclopride, Comportement, Milieu artificiel, Test en labo$ Lydia Nielson, M.W. Don, H. 1974jdProbing behavior of biotypes of the spotted alfalfa aphid on rsistant and susceptible alfalfa clonesEntomol. exp. appl. 17477-486Ent 1691 EPG, Homoptera, Aphididae,JDNiemeyer, H.M. Pesel, E. Copaja, V Bravo, H.R. Franke, S. Franke, W. 1989PJChanges in hydroxamic acid levels of wheat plants induced by aphid feedingPhytochemistryPhytochemistry282447-449t 1613Homoptera, Aphididae, Acide hydroxamique, DIMBOA, Poaceae, Triticum, Metopolophium dirhodum, Induction, RPI, Rsistance, HPLC, Dosage32,Nisbet, A.J. Woodford, J.A.T. Strang, R.H.C. 199471 65-72 zThe effects of azadirachtin-treated diets on the feeding behaviour and fecundity of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae k z vpazadirachtin, milieu artificiel, antiappetent, Myzus persicae, rsistance, plante, puceron, substance secondaire.(Entomologia experimentalis et applicata.Entomol. exp. appl.eEnt 00082,Nisbet, A.J. Woodford, J.A.T. Strang, R.H.C. 199472 85-89HAaphide, puceron, nutrition, milieu artificiel, miellat, ingestion@9Quantifying aphid feeding on non-radioactive food sourcesEntomol. exp. appl.eEnt 0209H&soc'i(iiiieteyyyyy  `ytftwareaggpgatellailallanaceaeu u l lles u uiuumuuuEdiersitaryutionss mmeR RrRronnnn nntonerr/rgho/umuu/uuumPyy`ytftwareagpgatellailallanaceaeu u l l lles u uumuuuEdiersitaryutionssmeHRRronnnntonerr/rgho/umuu/uuumPucheschesPd susceptible p p p p p p p p  p  p  p  p prptibleppected taineedw w  wwedeeetppppotatoi iss tzerlandp  yymbioseisptic ppsaraqaOabaaaOaatric7osium n n  n  n  n nchronizedEonymsthesis tRzedtic  s}stemToT%T)T4TT;tedtained wwedeetppppotatoi iss tzerlandp  yymbioseisptic ppsaraqaOabaaaOaatric7osium n n  nEnonymsthesis tRzedtic}stemoT%T)T4TT;JlX developed m m m m m mmentiz i i i i i i i i i a a a  a  a alp ppementi iicesediiigtd prdateur iiaaaaaabroticap g ggrammes s pphaniaBOA cotyledons d d d d d d d d d d d d d ddeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed llemanYt(t8sssssM1M3fffffferseeeeePedl*lemanYt(t8s\s\ssM1M3fffffers?<NAppliedqqqueetorts roximationteraeousR|R|555555555555555555555555555555555555breddissoneeaaaEaRaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa a aagssggn nnariaggandona entifolii i i i i i i izonamindaomatiquedrestsoweedaedassgggandona izonamindaomatiquedrowedlantQ|b.OBN8Tjallingii, W.F. 1989(!Aphid-Plant Genotype interactions,F?Continuous recording of stylet penetration activities by aphidse 1-11 $CAMPBELL, R.K., EIKENBARY R.D. Elsevier Amsterdam (NDL)eLFEPG, Stylet, Homoptera, Aphididae, RPI, Salivation, Ingestion, Phloeme 1803Tjallingii, W.F. 1990TNStylet penetration parameters from aphids in relation to host-plant resistanceSymp. Biol. Hung.39411-419Symp. Biol. Hung.2293, Ent 1676rlHomoptera, Aphididae, Stylet, EPG, ME, Vicia faba, Aphis fabae, RPI, Phloeme, Fabaceae, Ingestion, Technique"Tjallingii, W.F. Mayoral, A. 1992,&Criteria for host acceptance by aphids .(S.B.J. Menken, J.H. Visser, P. Harrewijn0)8th Int. Symp. Insect-Plant Relationships 4-Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherland@280-282Ent 1688&RPI, Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG,(!Tjallingii, W.F. Hogen Esch, T.H.  1993Physiol. Entomol.183317-328Physiological Entomology 4109~xPlant penetration by Aphis fabae (Scopoli) was recorded by the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique and followed by stylectomy during wave-forms that were suspected of indicating sieve element punctures. The severed stylets in the plant tissue were subsequently processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and sectioned either transverse or longitudinal to the stylets. Two completely serially sectioned probes from the epidermis to the phloem were reconstructed. In one probe the stylet pathway went to a sieve element and showed many empty branches of salivary sheath material. Breaks in cell walls filled with sheath material demonstrated that the majority of cells bordering the track had been punctured, which supports earlier evidence from EPGs. All types of cells showed punctures and the highest number was found inside the vascular bundle. Very few cells died, which would appear to be important for virus transmission, and in others cellular reactions remained limited to some callose formation. The route of the stylets was intercellular and passed through the secondary wall material. The role of pectinase in intercellular penetration, and previous evidence for intracellular tracks are discussed. Most sieve elements had been punctured but only one was eventually accepted. Thus, reaching a sieve element in a host plant does not automatically imply its acceptance though the reason remains unclear. Gelation of phloem proteins was shown in the stylet canal. In a second probe, plant cytological and morphological correlations with the EPG were emphasized. Probes by other aphid-plant combinations showed great similarity.jcArticle WF Tjallingii, Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Entomol, POB 8301, 6700 Eh Wageningen, Netherlandsg\VFine structure of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signalsProbing; Ingestion; Electrical Penetration Graph; Electron Microscopy; Intracellular Puncture; Phloem; Sieve Element; Cell Damage; PENETRATION; RSISTANCE, EPG,Tjallingii, W.F. 1994Eur. J. Entomol.911 47-52$European Journal of EntomologynhArticle WF Tjallingii, Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Entomol, Binnenhaven 7, 6709 Pd Wageningen, Netherlands("Sieve element acceptance by aphidsAphids; Host Plant; Phloem; Intracellular; Feeding Behavior; Probing; Stylets, EPG, puceron, rsistance, plante, Aphis fabae, puceron,Ent 0048M*4K$JI HqGFjvi~ED*b2+Spiller, N.J Tjallingii, W.F Llewellyn, M.Je 1987 Xylem ingestion by aphidsH 411oEnt 2182Method, Production, Electrical penetration, Graph, EPG, Characterized, Frequency, Amplitude, Correlation, Stylet, Activities, Plants, Artificial diets, Ingestion, Electrical components, Electrical resistance, Metopolophium dirhodum, Ropalosiphum padi, Acyrthosipon pisum, Starvation, Penetration time, Aphis fabae, Evaporation, Dish, Silica gel, Treatment, Proportion, Pattern G, Electron, Microscope, Stylet tips, Xylem vessel (See plate, tips are arrowed), Uptake, Water Lydiar2+Spiller, N.J. Koenders, L. Tjallingii, W.F.0 1990JDXylem ingestion by aphids - a strategy for maintaining water balance55101-104:4Homoptera, Aphididae, Alimentation, EPG, Xyleme, Eau 1949.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataxEntomol. exp. appl.e(!Stern, D.L. Aoki, S. Kurosu, D.U.s 1995The life cycle and natural history of the tropical aphid cerataphis fransseni (Homoptera: aphididae: hormaphidinae), with reference to the evolution of host alternation in aphids J Natur Hist Journal of Natural History 0*4 John St, London, United Kingdom WC1N 2ET "Taylor & Francis Ltd LondonR291 231-242T 0022-2933rRKaphids; tropics; galls; host alternation; ant tending; Cerataphis franssenilngWe describe the life cycle and general biology of the tropical cerataphidine aphid Cerataphis fransseni. We demonstrate that this aphid migrates between trees of Styrax benzoin and various species of palms; palm-feeding populations have previously been known as C. variabilis and C. palmae, which now become synonyms of C. fransseni. On S. benzoin the fundatrix induces a relatively simple gall which can contain >6000 aphids at maturity with a large number of reproductively sterile soldiers that protect the gall from predators. These galls are apparently produced throughout the year. Colonies on the secondary host plants, palms, are apparently obligately tended by ants whereas colonies within galls on Styrax are never tended by ants. We discuss the life cycle of this tropical aphid with respect to hypotheses for the evolution and maintenance of host alternation.a^XArticle DL Stern, Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USATjallingii, W.F. $$$$"Correlations with pattern Ed$$@ x-xEnt 1675 EPG, onde ETjallingii, W.F. $$$$"Electrical nature of the EPG$$ x-xEnt 1674 EPG,Tjallingii, W.F. 1978>7Electronic recording of penetration behaviour by aphids24521-530.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicata@:Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Salive, Ingestion, comportementEntomol. exp. appl.eTjallingii, W.F. 1978*$Mechanoreceptors of the aphid labium24531-537 2531@:Homoptera, Aphididae, Labium, Mecanorecepteur, Stylet, EPG.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataEntomol. exp. appl.eTjallingii, W.F. 19820)Electrical recording of aphid penetration .(5th Int. Symp. Insect-Plant Relationship  Wageningen Pudoc, Wageningen409-410dCongrs 504, Ent 1682*$Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, TechniqueTjallingii, W.F. 1985PIElectrical nature of recorded signals during stylet penetration by aphidss382177-1868(!Homoptera, Aphididae, Piqure, EPGe.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicata5Entomol. exp. appl.eTjallingii, W.F. 1985.'Stylet penetration activities by aphidsDepartment of Entomolgy "Wagneningen, The Netherlands Agricultural University Thesis 818, Ent 1686>8Revue, Aphididae, Homoptera, Myzus persicae, EPG, StyletTjallingii, W.F. 1985VPMembrane potentials as an indication for plant cell penetration by aphid stylets382d187-193Homoptera, Aphididae, Piqure, Alimentation, EPG, Brevicoryne brassicae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura viciae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Nasonovia ribisnigri,.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicata Entomol. exp. appl.eEnt 0675Tjallingii, W.F. 1986NHWire effects on aphids during electrical recording of stylet penetrationEntomol. exp. appl.40 89-98.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataPEnt 1545JCHomoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Artefact, Stylet, Choix plante-hote, RPITjallingii, W.F. 1987d]Stylet penetration activities by aphids : new correlations with electrical penetration graphs .'LABEYRIE V.,FABRES G.,LACHAISE D. (Eds)PInsects-Plants W. Junk Publishers301-3061233, Ent 16902,Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Piqure, IngestionTjallingii,W.J. 1988<5Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities82Aphids, their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control  Amsterdam .'A.K. Minks & P. Harrewijn, Ed Elsevierd2B 3 95-1081953, Ent 1666& EPG, aphide, comportement, revue threshold s s s s i iipidaessiiiiooooughoooooooEout t  t tunbA ringiensisnsYYYYY Y YSANOPTERAi i i iillersmmennnnnssssssssssssssss sssnnnnnRnxgeyssllleypsussues/. n/( NhP@ n hf>/. n/(NFP@J.fJ.gJ.f n BJ.f n J.f J.fp`pN^NuNV n)Hx HnHn/.N>=O@J.gp`Bnp N hfRnp N0(ذy=fRnp N hfRn n p p N hfNp N-h o-|p "Latimer, J.G. Oetting, R.D.d 1994b\Brushing reduces thrips and aphid populations on some greenhouse-grown vegetable transplants Hortscience 2911 1279-1281  Hortscience Ent 0158mechanical stress; drought conditioning; pest rsistance; tomato; Lycopersicon esculentum; eggplant; Solanum melongena var esculentum; watermelon; Citrullus lanatus; Frankliniella occidentalis; WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; THYSANOPTERA; PLANTS, rsistance, plante, puceron, thrips,i'Sunny' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), 'Black Beauty' eggplant (Solanum melongena var, esculentum L. Nees.), or 'Sugar Baby' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum, & Nakai] were nontreated, subjected to brushing (20 strokes twice daily) or drought conditioning (2 hours daily wilt), or maintained undisturbed using ebb-and-flow irrigation. One week after brushing or drought conditioning, plants were inoculated with western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) or greed peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). Brushing and drought conditioning reduced plant height and shoot dry weight of all crops. Brushing of all three species generally reduced the number of thrips, as indicated by number of feeding scars or percent leaf area damaged. Drought conditioning did not affect thrips populations consistently. Undisturbed plants grown With ebb-and-flow irrigation exhibited the greatest damage from thrips. Brushing reduced the number of aphids on tomato relative to the nontreated controls. Drought did not reduce aphid populations consistently on any crop. Brushing for height control may be advantageous in an integrated pest-management program to control aphids and thrips.PIArticle JG Latimer, Univ Georgia, Georgia Expt Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA2+Lei, H. Tjallingii, W.F. van Lenteren, J.C. 1996`YRecording electrical penetration graphs and honeydew excretion of the greenhouse whitefly $Dan Gerling & Richard T. MayerF@Bemisia: 1995. Taxonomy, biology, damage, control and management  Andover (UK)  Intercept Ltd 53-68Ent 1572D>Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, Bemisia, Revue, Comportement, EPG, RPI:4Bibliothque INRA-URPV, recu le 27 aout 1996 $ Lydia:4Lei, H. Tjallingii, W.F. van Lenteren, J.C. Xu, R.M. 1996JCStylet penetration by larvae of the greenhouse whitefly on cucumberEntomol Exp Appl B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ791 77-84.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 0013-8703 Ent 1260Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae; probing; electrical penetration graph; EPG; honeydew excretion; phloem; feeding; ingestion; TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE; HONEYDEW; LETTUCE; GRAPHSzArticle WF Tjallingii, Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Entomol, Wageningen, NetherlandsTAP demand, article rfrencer $ LydiastyletSSSSSSSSSSSSSSfSS+s.shs5ssGsIsKsNsOs`ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssuJuufuuQrrrrrrrrrrr rrEraxubjja axillaris j cuticularjectedm mXmitoptimalNombelaofon resistancetabacitotomatoXY0P(Entomologia rimentalis et Applicatas by  (ance to Bemitabaci on an Mi-tomato line?<@(NuNVBg?< P?(L/.?<TBn n PphL=@ n Hh n p?/./.?<XN^NuNV/..B7191>1_1111111111111111111s 1b 111111 17a96raarenbyuAcillus kusrrttt t7 twardateriallDlancenCndsCsrberil leyuEEEEfEoooooooooooo oniorriersoslsalised\0z089{910J3|2~8D49AXz5u43M3.456!6455"76#7$8%7&7'9(718h3t4 KfP P?(L/.?<TBn n PphL=@ n Hh n p?/./.?<XN^NuNV/.Pectomie, phloeme, EDTA, miellat, Lactuca sativa, laitue, rsistance, plante, homoptera, aphide, mtabolite secondaire, Phloeme, Stylectomie, Miellat, Glucide, Saccharose, Aminoacide, Technique, EDTA, EPG Ent 0652van Helden, M. 1995l;The resistance of lettuce to the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri ' Department of Entomology "Wageningen, The Netherlands Agricultural University 123 ThseP perso EPG 123 pages4.Girma, M. Wilde, G.E. Reese, J.C. Backus, E.A. 1994}Committed phloem ingestion of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae): difficulties in its application to host-plant resistance studiesEnviron. Entomol. 235 1061-1065 Environmental EntomologyEnt 0309Aphids; Probing Behavior; Electronic Monitor; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; 2 BIOTYPES; FECUNDITY; WHEAT; GENOTYPES; GREENBUG; SORGHUM, EPG, Hemiptera, Aphididae, potentiel redox, enzyme salivaire, interaction plante-insecte (RPI), The application of the concept of committed phloem ingestion (CPI) of aphids was studied for different aphid species feeding on resistant and susceptible plants. Greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (biotype E), were monitored electronically on wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cultivars, and Russian wheat aphids, Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko, were monitored on wheat cultivars. The duration of phloem ingestion (PI) events of these aphids was not randomly distributed and almost-equal-to 53% of them were <60 min in duration. The minimum PI duration to be considered as committed feeding (threshold of CPI) was determined for each aphid-host combination. Thresholds varied depending on the aphid species and host plants, indicating the difficulty of assigning a single threshold value that could be useful as a measure of host acceptability. Also, if a given threshold duration is chosen as a criterion for having achieved CPI (e.g., 15 min), the proportion of PI events that continues for a long time period varies from host to host. Therefore, we recommend that use of this parameter be discontinued, and that measurements of the time from the beginning of the experiment to PI and the time from the initiation of a probe to PI be substituted for time to first CPI.^XArticle M Girma, Kansas State Univ Agr & Appl Sci, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA"Givovich, A. Niemeyer, H.M.r 1995^XComparison of the effect of hydroxamic acids from wheat on five species of cereal aphids B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ742n115-119A 0013-8703d^Article A Givovich, Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Casilla 653, Santiago, ChileF@ble; aphids; , puceron, acide hydroxamique; DIMBOA; DIMBOA glucoside; EPG; electrical penetration graph; feeding deterrents; antixenose; plante rsistance; RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI; SITOBION AVENAE; GRAMINEAE; PENETRATION; BARLEY, comportement, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicatamEntomol. exp. appl.eEnt 03752+Goffreda, J.C. Mutschler, M.A. Tingey, W.M.m 1988VOFeeding behavior of potato aphid affected by glandular trichomes of wild tomatos4820101-107  2659Homoptera, Aphididae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Solanaceae, Lycopersicon esculentum, RPI, Trichome, Comportement alimentaire, Rsistance.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataCEntomol. exp. appl.ermsPoNNN N NNAo ooolem<manowndaniComiSEVELTt stock palosiphumnAssignolter t aationhamsted ughlytesxCPxISS  duuuu$V.V0V5VaV=V>VKVNVOVbVUVVWVo{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww b>7Pietro di, J.P. Caillaud, C.M. Pierre, J.S. Trottet, M. 1997XSources of resistance to the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae in ancient species of Triticum * 9 O jdAphids in natural and managed ecosystems. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Aphids  Leon, Spaind^characterization fitness genomes genotypes wheat pest resistance cultivars cereals agricultural entomology Sitobion Sitobion avenae Triticum Aphidoidea Triticum aestivum Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Sitobion Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants TriticumResistance to Sitobion avenae was evaluated in diploid wheat genotypes collected worldwide. Their level of resistance was estimated by calculating the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) achieved by aphids on these plants. Using a cluster analysis, three groups among the diploid genotypes tested were distinguished. All plants appeared significantly more resistant than an improved wheat (Triticum aestivum, hexaploid) cultivar, and 17 genotypes out of 87 drastically reduced aphid fitness (0.02< rm <0.09, i.e. the aphid population doubled every 11.4 days or 7.7 days, respectively). It is concluded that ancient diploid wheats, all characterized by the genome A, present considerable interest for plant breeding for resistance to S. avenae in modern wheatUsing Smart Source Parsing 15-19 September, Universidad de Leon Secretariado de Publicaciones, Leon, Spain: 1998. 535-540. 20 refJCPietro di, J.P. Caillaud, C.M. Chaubet, B. Pierre, J.S. Trottet, M. 1998Variation in resistance to the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Sternorhyncha: Aphididae), among diploid wheat genotypes: multivariate analysis of agronomic data , ; Plant Breeding 117d58407-412 Plant Breeding [AR]cluster analysis multivariate analysis pest resistance wheat genotypes plant genetic resources genomes insect pests cereals pest control control agricultural entomology Sitobion avenae Aphididae Sitobion Triticum aestivum Triticum Triticum boeoticum Triticum monococcum arthropods Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Triticum Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plantsn}A collection of 87 ancient wheat genotypes, comprising 67 Triticum monococcum, 13 Triticum boeoticum and 7 Triticum urartu genotypes, together with wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Arminda, was evaluated for resistance to the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae, the main damaging aphid pest on winter wheat in Europe. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), which is regarded as a good estimate of the fitness of an aphid population, was used as an indicator for the level of plant resistance. Differentiation of the 88 plant genotypes into four distinct groups was achieved with a cluster analysis of the rm values. Arminda was more susceptible than any of the ancient wheat genotypes tested (rm = 0.24, i.e., the aphid population doubled every 2.6 days). A second group of 19 plants ranged from relatively susceptible to moderately resistant (0.17 < rm < 0.21). Fifty-one plants were allocated to a third group and classified as resistant (0.09 < rm < 0.16). The last group contained 17 genotypes with a high level of resistance and greatly reduced aphid fitness (0.02 < rm < 0.09, i.e., the aphid population doubled every 11.4 days or 7.7 days, respectively). Clustering of the accessions into the different phenetic groups did not follow the geographical origin of the wheat genotypes or the species to which they belong. These results show that ancient diploid wheats, all characterized by the genome A, present considerable interest for plant breeding for resistance to S. avenae in modern wheat. The potential use of these strong and partial sources of resistance for introduction of a stable and durable form of resistance to S. avenae in wheat is discussed(!Using Smart Source Parsing 29 ref ('T&%$#"*! J Mauriello, V. 1999}Le gne Vat de rsistance du melon au puceron Aphis gossypii est-il contourn par une souche guadeloupenne de cette espce ?t p a  T- $=  Science Angers Angers39F?Matrise de Biophysiologie Applique aux Productions Vgtales}rsistance, melon, Vdrantais, Margot, PI414723, 90625, Aphis gossypii , Hemiptera, Aphididae, Rm, STATEPG, biotest, Vat, $rm  p8 pF  RA982,Mayoral, A.M. Tjallingii, W.F. Castanera, P. 1996aProbing behaviour of Diuraphis noxia on five cereal species with different hydroxamic acid levels  $ Entomol Exp Appl B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ783341-348d.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata  0013-8703 Ent 1860probing behaviour; electrical penetration graph; EPG; hydroxamic acids; DIMBOA; DIBOA; cereal aphids; Diuraphis noxia; Russian wheat aphid; cereals; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; RESISTANCE; BARLEY; HOMOPTERA; GRAMINEAE; WILDRLArticle P Castanera, Csic, Cib, Velazquez 144, E-28006 Madrid, Spain $ Lydia.'Mcgrath, P.F. Lister, R.M. Hunter, B.G.T 1996|uA domain of the readthrough protein of barley yellow dwarf virus (NY-RPV isolate) is essential for aphid transmission Eur. J. Plant. Pathology.d B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ 102 7d671-679 *#European Journal of Plant Pathologyp 0929-1873 Ent 1316Fusion proteins;Membrane feeding; Rhopalosiphum padi; Serological blocking; Virus transmission; POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MYZUS-PERSICAE; LUTEOVIRUS; EXPRESSION; GENES; RNA; GENOME; Homoptera; Aphididae; Rhopalisiphum padi; BYDV; Mode de transmission; Mecanisme molculaire; Protine capside; Protine enveloppe; ORF; Open reading frame; RTF; Read throught protein`ZArticle RM Lister, Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA $ Lydia McLean, D.L. Kinsey, M.G.  1964LEA technique for electronically recording aphid feeding and salivation Nature 202 1358-1359 NatureEnt 1685, 1163<5Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Comportement, Alimentation [] McLean, D.L. Kinsey, M.G.  1965leIdentification of electrically recorded curve patterns associated with aphid salivation and ingestion Nature 205 1130-1131 Nature1166, Ent 1684@:Homoptera, Aphididae, Piqure, Comportement, EPG, Ingestion [1166] McLean, D.L. Kinsey, M.G.  1967Probing behavior of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. I. Definitive correlation of electronically recorded waveforms with aphid probing activities # 6 Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.60400-406Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.VOHomoptera, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Piqure, Comportement, EPG, Ingestion[] McLean, D.L. Kinsey, M.G.  1968Probing behavior of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. II. Comparisons of salivation and ingestion in host and non-host plant leaves* # 6 Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.61730-739Ann. entomol. Soc. Am. Ent 1689, 980lfHomoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Comportement, Alimentation, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Salivation, Ingestion, RPI[] McLean, D.L. Weight, W.A. 1968NGAn electronic measuring system to record aphid salivation and ingestionoAnn. entomol. Soc. Am.61180-185Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.HAHomoptera, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Piqure, EPG, Ingestionm[] McLean, D.L. Kinsey, M.G.  1968|Probing behavior of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. III. Effect of temperature differences on certain probing activities # 6 Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.61927-933Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.b\Homoptera, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Piqure, Comportement, EPG, Ingestion, Temperature[] McLean, D.L. Kinsey, M.G. 1969voProbing behavior of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. IV. Effects of starvation on certain probing activitieseAnn. entomol. Soc. Am.62987-9949Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.\VHomoptera, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Piqure, Comportement, EPG, Ingestion, Jeune[] McLean, D.L. 1971Probing behavior of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. V. Comparison of Vicia faba, Pisum sativum and a chemically defined diet as food sourcesAnn. entomol. Soc. Am.64499-5030Ann. entomol. Soc. Am.Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Comportement, Alimentation, Fabaceae, Milieu artificiel, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba[]Orstomtthopteral scillationstherRsssusssssss ss uuochiestr ttbbb bbreakse e e e e e e eertputremanvvsideVALCeraaaaalltttt wintering iipositingz on{ P P X{ X X X X a a a a alx53'5 5 fordei'i~idasePfA A~A A+A,AAA iz iposition{ P P{ X X X a a alX^ X5r^ forde~idasePAAfAgA A~AA A*A+A,AkAAAPV   F@Pascal, T. Kervella, J. Pfeiffer, F.G. Sauge, M.H. Esmenjaud, D. 1998Evaluation of the interspecific progeny Prunus persica cv Summergrand x Prunus davidiana for disease resistance and some agronomic featuresi4.Fourth International Peach Symposium, Vols 1-2 Louvain 2+INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE2185-191Acta Horticulturaelftest of resistance; powdery mildew; peach leaf curl; brown rot; green aphid; nematodes; plum pox virus Since 1987, 78 genotypes from a cross between 'Summergrand' and Prunus davidiana have been evaluated for the main diseases and pests of Peach trees in France, i.e. powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa), peach leaf curl (Taphrina deformans), brown rot on shoot (Monilinia la;ra), green aphid (Myzus persicae), nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) and sharka (plum pox virus). Agronomic characters such as vigor, blooming date, ripening date, fruit size were also observed. The tests of resistance carried out at different stages (juvenile / adult) under various environmental conditions (greenhouse, insect-proof tunnel, nursery and orchard) are presented. From the results, it appears that the progeny studied is heterogeneous for some characters and homogeneous for others.r Article English 465 BL19Jr'xqPASCAL T,INRA,STN RECH FRUITIERES MEDITERRANEENNES;SITE AGROPARC;F-84914 AVIGNON, FRANCE. tpascal@avignon.inra.frRD>Pascal, T. Pfeiffer, F. Kervella, J. Lacroze, J.P. Sauge, M.H. 2002PJInheritance of green peach aphid resistance in the peach cultivar 'Rubira'Plant Breeding 1215459-461` Oct Plant Breed.ztPrunus persica; Myzus persicae; antixenosis; insect resistance gene; red leaf character; reddish spot myzus-persicaeF?The green peach aphid (GPA) is a serious pest of peach tree in many areas of the world. To date, only one GPA resistance gene has been assigned in peach. This study was initiated to determine the inheritance of GPA resistance in the red leaf peach rootstock cultivar 'Rubira'. Crosses were made between 'Rubira' and the susceptible green leaf peach rootstock cultivar 'Pamirskij 5' Genetic analysis was performed on the parents, F-1 and F-2 progenies. Analyses of segregation patterns of plants in F-1 ( 1 : 0) and F-2 ( 3 : 1) indicated single dominant gene control of GPA resistance in 'Rubira'. Reddish spots, probably due to aphid feeding punctures, are associated with, but not themselves responsible for, the GPA resistance in 'Rubira'. No relationship was found between GPA resistance and the red leaf character of 'Rubira'.(!Article English PLANT BREED 608NHf'4-PASCAL T,INST NATL RECH AGRON,UNITE GENET & AMELIORAT FRUITS & LEGUMES;SITE AGROPARC;F-84914 AVIGNON, FRANCE. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Genet & Ameliorat Fruits & Legumes, F-84914 Avignon, France. Inst Natl Rech Agron, UMR INRA UAPV Ecol Invertebres, F-84914 Avignon, France. tpascal@avignon.inra.frrD=Paul, T.A. Darby, P. Green, C.P. Hodgson, C.J. Rossiter, J.T. 1996zElectrical penetration graphs of the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli on resistant and susceptible hops (Humulus lupulus) 7 F j y Entomol. Exp. Appl. B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ802 335-342.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 0013-8703resistance, Phorodon humuli; Humulus lupulus; damson-hop aphid; hop; Homoptera; Aphididae; MONITORED FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; STYLET PENETRATION; VARIETIES, EPG, comportement, EPG,LFArticle TA Paul, Univ London Wye Coll, Ashford TN25 5AH, Kent, EnglandEnt 1268,&Perez, P. Tjallingii, W.F. Fereres, A. 1996fProbing behaviour of Myzus persicae during transmission of potato virus Y to pepper and tobacco plants  $ Journal of Plant Disease 1033246-254PJournal of plant diseased]Homoptera, Aphididae, Myzus persicae, Comportement, Selection du site alimentaire, EPG, Tabac$ LydiasV{vz;e@z, M. Fereres, A.>GPJgxHnN;@*p<Fereres, A..;@;*P</.kBg/.;@P/.?<NT/.?<N`Hn/./.NO ng nf8/. nfHn?.N>Nq\/<B?<IN>HP/<B?<IN>HPN>F/.N>GX/.B'N>ABTN^NuNV/<=,N>>2X-@ n"n"Q3P n"n"Q3h/.N>FX/.N>FbX/.N>, XBN^ Heard, T.A 1995Oviposition preferences and larval performence of a flower-feeding weevil, Coelocephalapion aculeatum, in relation to host development K h Entomol Exp appl76195-201 Ent 1908d]Herbivory, Insect-plant interactions, Biological control, Apionidae, Mimosaceae, Mimosa pigra$ Lydia Heard, A.T 1995Oviposition and feeding preferences of a flower-feeding weevil, Coelocephalapion aculeatum, in relation to conspecific damage to its host-plantEntomol exp appl76203-209ent 1909|vOviposition deterrence, Herbivory, Insect- plant interactions, biological control, Apionidae, Mimosaceae, Mimosa pigra$ Lydia&Helden van, M. Tjallingii, W.F. 1995LEThe use of electrical penetration graphs in plant resistance researchxx< in prex; 4060>7Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Rsistance, Revue, Technique.&Hogen Esch, T. Tjallingii, W.F. 19906/Fine structure of aphid stylets in plant tissueTSymp. Biol. Hung.39475-476fSymp. Biol. Hung.2292, Ent 1675\VHomoptera, Aphididae, Stylet, EPG, ME, Vicia faba, Aphis fabae, RPI, Phloeme, Fabaceae& Hogen Esch, Th. Tjallingii, W.F. 1992ZTUltra structure and electrical recording of sieve element punctures by aphid stylets .(S.B.J. Menken, J.H. Visser, P. Harrewijn0)8th Int. Symp. Insect-Plant Relationships 4-Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherland x-xEnt 1687 EPG, Homoptera, AphididaedHongoh, Y. Ishikawa, H.y 1994ngChanges of mycetocyte symbiosis in response to flying behavior of alatiform aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)oZool SciZoological Science 0)Hongo 2-27-2, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japano Zoological Soc Japan115t731-735m 0289-0003l FLIGHTXQPrior to migratory flight of alatiform aphids, their total volume of mycetocyte was greatly reduced. Since in this period they ingest little food, it is likely that they develop the flight muscles at the cost of their mycetocytes. In this period, not only the size and number of the mycetocyte but also the density of endosymbionts in the cell decreased. Starving aphids resulted in a sharp decrease in the total volume of mycetocyte, which was reversed by refeeding, suggesting that aphids consume their mycetocytes harboring endosymbionts as a nutrient source on their physiological demands.tVOArticle H Ishikawa, Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Inst Zool, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan :3Janssen, J.A.M. Tjallingii, W.F. van Lenteren, J.C. 19884-Stylet penetration by the greenhouse whitefly0)Meded. Fac. Landbouwwet., Rijksuniv. Gent533a 1149-1151RKMededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen. Rijksuniversiteit Gent&G1130, Ent 0837Ethologie, Aleyrodidae, Homoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Invertebrata, Comportement alimentaire, $RPI, Choix site, Feuille vgtal, Dprdateur, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, EPG, Stylet, Pntration $LydiaNEUpelmus horbiaceaeJ eJ r l l l lesvr o4oQoaphidopeaaaaaaaaaaaaanvvvvvvvvv v4vQvvaluatedv s s s  ss ion pporationtentttsssruuuallyryiidenceooo o oRolutiEion o4oQoaphidopeaaaaaaaaaaaaanvvvvvvvv v4vQvvaluatedv s s ssionporationtenttssruuallyryiidenceoooRolutiEion=QBn3StrangDtegyeeeeakssssiictlypeeokestwngtuulllyuuuctureus u u i i i i i i iingudiedssRsssssssssss s ssyyyyyyyyyyiiiiiiiii i ioing)yyyyyyleZctomiey y tsct.S4S5S<SHSISKSMSNSOS`S^y*yiiiiiioing)yyZ ylectomieg yP tct*S.S4S5S<SHSISKSLSMSNSOSPS`SX3432797585y5111113577089600 00B0Y28355697B1_1181548H6J660069~911O111R 11183 394aemes>s_H400040500000000000E 00C0000000obing activities such as walking or resting, and a significantly shorter duration of phloem feeding on healthy plants of 8321-21 compared to those of other varieties. These results suggest that 8321-21 manifests antixenosis-type resistance to C. Storeyi. The percentage of time spent on patterns associated with phloem ingestion was significantly1075 07M89955N1_33311> 110003.13 555"0R 95"1ZA49 59666c611!636"6"978996 67Z20000509:913 3322[333[3341566608478 7698193s produced significantly more local lesions of TSWV than females. These quantitative differences in scar production and transmission of TSWV can be explained by the lower mobility and higher consumption rate of females. The influence of the sex-ratio on crop damage and virus transmission, and thus to the spread of TSWV, is emphasized.:c;jH @=:X`fEtG UdU UUumu~u/u.u1u3uau8cucDcFcGcHcJcKc_caaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa|aaaaaaaaYaaa ablissement4chChanolologicaleyleudeyUUucalyptiusI RRPIAppmycotappelmidaeeusr n!@pn=@p N hfRn np"N ) n!@ n"n )-@ n"n ) -@Jf>Jo8 n 0 n"n" n"n#h  n!n n!n `FJo$Jf n 0 n!n n!n `JoJo n 0`=| n*0.N^NuNVHn/./.NO =@Hg0.` nJPg?. 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Ralec le, A. Plantegenest, M. Chaubet, B. Pierre, J.S. 2001voSuperparasitism limitation in an aphid parasitoid: cornicle secretion avoidance and host discrimination ability"Journal of Insect Physiology474:339-348"Journal of Insect Physiology [AR]parasitoids superparasitism Aphidius rhopalosiphi Sitobion avenae Aphidius Aphidius Braconidae Hymenoptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera HemipterangSuperparasitism avoidance by the endoparasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez on the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae was studied. Experiments were carried out in which aphids were exposed to two consecutive attacks by parasitoids. Results showed that superparasitism avoidance in A. rhopalosiphi was mediated by two successive stimuli whose effectiveness depended on the time interval between attacks. For short time intervals (<16 h), host rejections were mainly associated with the presence of dried cornicle secretion on the host's body which was exuded during the first attack. The repellency of this secretion declined with the time interval between attacks, becoming ineffective 2 days after the first parasitization, and allowed females to reject up to 30% of parasitized hosts. For longer time intervals (more than or equal to 16 h), host rejection behavior was a response of parasitoid females to internal changes in host quality associated with parasite development. This response gradually increased with an increase in time interval, reaching no more than 60%, 96 h after initial parasitization. This host discrimination ability did not allow females to distinguish between hosts parasitized by themselves or by conspecifics. Consequently, these findings suggest that superparasitism is a common event in A. rhopalosiphi and especially on recently parasitized hosts0*Using Smart Source Parsing 2001. 5, 38 refnparasitized hosts was found. It supposes that as the female experiences a risk of self-superparasitism during patch depletion, this risk seems to promote early departure from incompletely exploited patches2+parasitoids hosts discrimination host-seeking behaviour animal behaviour natural enemies agricultural entomology Aphidius rhopalosiphi Sitobion avenae arthropods Aphidius Braconidae Hymenoptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemipterad19756667)7n88F8G88m8011122r2<3q3333/44p55555H6I6J6_666l666u7K7777+8-88888888 88M99999,9.909N9999902D2O22221111112222s373=3b3U33333 333 3484;4>4B44XY>  -P`-n n P-hf n P!n` n N^NupNuNVJg n P/(NX/.N NqXN^NuNV n P/( NX n PB n P/(NX n PSDYellowiiiindolOZieldOOOOOsO1r rkX u) uushire`ungv`r7v8a anZ/Z:ZXpZeareheahiiiii5 itschriftroRhRurnaloneusolcnuBoRooo 'o 'o 'o ogicalu uRheskyByucchinim richy ygomycotina uOOOsO1r rkX v u) uushire`ungv`r7v8a anZ/Z:ZXpZeareheahii5 itschriftroRhRurnaloneusolcnuBoRooo ogicalu uRheskyByucchini rich ygomycotina uniPelementsasssssss llis sevier+ n, n- nC nM nN n u ucidation mbryos ffigrants pphasisedzzed toascatttttyn>nyddwddableding countered d yyrtidae dding oparasitoid symbiontsAtoxinemiestt+t,t-tMggggggggggggg gland4t5ttti'iishttt o o o o oohancedoughnthxn,t-tMggggggggggg^ glandkt4t5t^tnthxnn6?Q4 RAdioactiviteactioniducedgardedleasedcL productivesistanceponseg sistance HopalisiphumFmPIp Sapi0 chizaphisEcretion{rveievei9mpleoHtobionemalleoccrgumf pecifically,ring"tateRrangRyletR uboptimalRLZER: sceptibleystem TAylora5emporal&haneir*ytresholdissueDormatogh ransgniqueiticumT*ULTRASTRUCTURE@nivSAgingVanarietiesessel9irusuW alkertermelonRestERNKherexNiteflyDithDoutxxLXYellowc ZygomycotinaeholdDorh ransgniqueiticumT*ULTRASTRUCTUREaSAringa Varieties9irusuW atermelonKhereithxxLX ZygomycotinaN Q-aphidsdhs5sas8s<sCssDsEsFsHsIsKsNsOsbsQssssssssssss+s,s-sMssssassEsQssssssssCsEsRssssssssssssssssssss s s ss sdia9a=>B|sssxsxssssssassEsQssssssCsEsRs^ssssss sd|iiaa9=>Bxx> METopolophium x xR  zhdunarodnaya}canisme=  sv s= sB s s t? 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T!_ T/(N QJX T/(/< Q2k T/(/ [` TB/ NNqX/ NNqX(_  MEcanisme oG orecepteurhhanical s smdl d s  s s  o o  o o o o o o  o  o  oG oreceptorsddedelingeniantedingcagosnnalisc oambientalesa mbientales terranean e e e e e e e e e e e ' ENNESelis9ting9l9lUgggJgoura isselierellifera o ooTn9n|nn ndnvnnnnn9n=n>nBn|iidogyne n  i idaen n TdTvTTT9T<T=T>TBTTTT T TvTMM9g<gBgggenagenagenarlands("Sieve element acceptance by aphidswithoutooOD cockx1fords2x3x`lly`rrkiinglldw wwideuuldPPRSr_rightwwtyatteXYYYYYYY Y YsY?Y@IiIjIIIlIXIIIIXIIIIIIIIIXI9IIXXLL7LXoOD cockx1fords2x3x`lly`rrkiinglldwwideuuldPPRSr_rightwwtyatteXYYYYYYY YsYlY?I@IiIjIXIIIXIIIIIIIIIXIIII9IIXXLL7LXLX QGRaphiiiiiiii iiiicqqueseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeatertsstllllyeeednnmbbAblb b b b b bbRb b b bbbug/oss/ssshouseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeatertsstlllyeeednnmblbbAbbRbbug/oss/sshouseyEPGjxxxxxxxxttt}tft t tdtvt tcttthshohnhmhhphhh~hrh!h"h#h$h%h&h'h(h)h,h/h.hthhh4h5hah7h9h;h<h=h=h=h=h=h=h=h=h=h=h=hN QXHnN QX y Qg P h@/HnN QZPHnBgHnN QO /9 QgHn`B/9 QgN QPN^NuNV# Qg/9 QgsBgBgB/9 Qg# Qg y Qg P/(r:www wdery e4ell5PP|P4P5Pr x PdP=rrrracrosaticableladoeeeecedingiselyRocenesrEdatorsictedsominant lyrferencez s{ rred l l infestation edm liminaires ry?p@s aringsenceCttt tttsdtical d6doeae6etiques]ecedingsRocenesEdatorsictedfsferencez s{ rred\ p?p@ssenceCttttt P hP8Proteine e7eeede=s7sq q8qqqqdque ineo=svideddddxx ingokedlximalunusp y y y y yy y y yystupas seudococcidaeftttyllidtaersoidea teromalidaes ubl c4 ca cb i i i i i i i i i i i i icaciones7 tions sshedsC rs cceron=RRRRRR n nnnnn+d,d-d1d2d3d4d7d8d9d:dttributed primarily to the greater body size of the symbiotic aphids, suggesting that feeding by these larval aphids was not substantially impaired, The aposymbiotic larvae pro400000 0 000011u0K00#046#681 '007783q911000q06B69417O72359;70O92000000403r793444479d47777773070950000000147 96 12 5 7Q754356t7;70O92000040r79349d477707095004762Q75456t7Rx*#Febvay, G. Rahb, Y. van Helden, M. 1996XQMacStylet, software to analyse electrical penetration graph data on the MacintoshEntomol. Exp. Appl. B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ801105-108 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 0013-8703PEnt 1670plant-homoptera interactions; EDG; DC-EPG; software, EPG, electrical penetration graph, Homoptera, Aphididae, Aleyrodidae, comportement, plante, resistance, mecanisme^WArticle G Febvay, Inst Natl Sci Appl, Inra, Lab Biol Appl, F-69621 Villeurbanne, FranceNGFishpool, L.D.C. Helden van, M. Halder van, I. Fauquet, C. Fargette, D. 1988PMonitoring Bemisia tabaci populations in cassava: field counts and trap catches    xx:xdx0D>Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, Bemisia tabaci, Manihot esculenta, EPG Floate, K.D. Whitham, T.G. 1994PAphid-ant interaction reduces Chrysomelid herbivory in a cottonwood hybrid zone  3  Oecologia972\215-221 OecologiaPlant Defense; Mutualism; Ant-Aphid Interaction; Populus; Indirect Effects; MEMBRACID MUTUALISM; WOOD ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; CONSEQUENCE; PROTECTION; HOMOPTERA; POPULUS; SINKS, fourmis, puceron, interactionIn a cottonwood (Populus) hybrid zone, Chaitophorus aphids attract aphid-tending ants which subsequently reduce herbivory by the leaf-feeding beetle, Chrysomela confluens. Observations and experimental manipulations of aphids and beetle larvae on immature cottonwood trees demonstrated that: 1) via their recruitment of ants, aphids reduced numbers of beetle eggs and larvae on the host; 2) these interactions occurred within a few days of the host being colonized by aphids; and 3) although aphid colonies were ephemeral, their presence resulted in a 2-fold reduction in beetle herbivory. The aphid-ant interaction is most important in the hybrid zone where 93% of the beetle population is concentrated (for reasons unrelated to aphids and ants). Because beetle defoliation of immature trees is high (ca. 25%), the indirect effect of aphids in reducing herbivory is likely more beneficial to trees in the hybrid zone than in adjacent pure zones where beetle herbivory is virtually absent. Tree genotype likely affects the impact of the aphid-ant interaction on trees within the hybrid zone, since levels of herbivory differ between sympatric Fremont and hybrid cottonwoods.\UArticle KD Floate, Agr Canada, Res Stn, POB 3000, Lethbridge T1J 4B1, Alberta, CanadaEnt 01854 PAthology sv s  s4 s scswaysssssssttiternssssssssss s"suuuuuuuu uulvvVisCCCRCedeeeQeeear~r#c$c&c'c(c?c@ccccc8c?c@cccchcrc1c3cAc c c c cc c c c c cccRc k k k e ee eskksckiedningtstinaseslletsmmbenaltyerationtrate d.ion(_N^NuNV/ (n/ /. T/( T/(N NqO(_N^NuNV/ (n T-h / /. 32,Nisbet, A.J. Woodford, J.A.T. Strang, R.H.C. 1994{The effects of azadirachtin-treated diets on the feeding behaviour and fecundity of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae. k z 71 65-72 vpazadirachtin, milieu artificiel, antiappetent, Myzus persicae, rsistance, plante, puceron, substance secondaire.(Entomologia experimentalis et applicata.Entomol. exp. appl.eEnt 0008h$D=Plantegenest, M. Pierre, J. S. Mattioda, H. Tourdonnet, S. dee^WAn optimization of the effect of deltamethrin against the grain aphid Sitobion avenae F 1994Bulletin Oilb/Srop174 41-47d& Using Smart Source Parsing 5 ref An optimization model for spraying date for deltamethrin against Sitobion avenae on wheat is proposed. The model consists of units representing the wheat phenology, growth of the aphid population, the insecticide effect, and aphid damage. The model was validated using data from field experiments during 1991-92 in France. In the 1st experiment the absolute value of the yield gain was poorly estimated, but the percentage of the maximal gain estimated and simulated were similar. In a 2nd experiment, the optimisation model forecasted a more drastic decrease of yield gain after flowering than that observed. This paper was presented at a meeting of the IOBC/WPRS working group on integrated control in cereal crops held in Le Rheu, France, on 30 November-2 December 1992cereals insect pests insecticides simulation models plant pests wheat control chemical control forecasting models pest control agricultural entomology Aphididae Hemiptera aegilops Sitobion avenae Triticum France Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Sitobion Aphididae Western Europe Europe Developed Countries European Union Countries Mediterranean Region OECD Countries82Plantegenest, M. Pierre, J.S. Waetermeulen van, X. 1997Operational development of a model in order to forecast the evolution of populations of the ear aphid, Sitobion avenae, and to optimize insecticide treatment g v 60International conference on pests in agriculture3 1095-1103dinsect pests plant pests insect control crop yield spraying ecology population dynamics models forecasting wheat insecticides control chemical control cereals techniques pest control agricultural entomology Triticum aestivum Sitobion avenae Triticum Triticum Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animalsA model was developed to determine the optimum treatment date and to forecast populations of Sitobion avenae. The model includes different sub-units, each of them respectively dedicated to the evolution of aphid populations, the evolution of wheat growth stages, yield losses, insecticide effectiveness and the optimization of the spraying date. The model, which predicts an accurate optimum date for treatment is describedNGFrench Developpement operationnel d'un modele de prevision des pullulations et d'optimisation de tratiements insecticides contre le puceron des epis, Sitonbion avenae Using Smart Source Parsing 6-8 January at le Corum, Montpellier, France. Association Nationale pour la Protection des Plantes (ANPP), Paris, France: 1997. 5 ref @:Plantegenest, M. Pierre, J.S. Dedryver, C.A. Kindlmann, P. 2001Assessment of the relative impact of different natural enemies on population dynamics of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae in the field i x Ecological Entomology 264:404-410Ecological Entomology  [AR]biological control agents fungal diseases insect pests natural enemies plant pests population density population dynamics simulation models insects Metopolophium dirhodum Rhopalosiphum padi Sitobion avenae France Western Europe Europe Mediterranean Region Developed Countries European Union Countries OECD Countries Metopolophium Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Rhopalosiphum Sitobion.'A detailed population dynamics model was devised to provide a tool for integrated pest management against the cereal aphid S. avenae on winter wheat. This model allowed the investigation of the relative impact of different natural enemies on aphid population dynamics. The output of the model was compared with a set of data collected in the western part of France from 1976 to 1986. Fungal diseases accounted for 75% of the reduction in peak aphid (Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Metopolophium dirhodum) density and were the key factor acting on aphid dynamics in this region. This study highlights the importance of detailed population dynamics modelling of keystone species, like aphids, for elucidation of the relations between the keystone species and other species associated in the ecosystem.'Using Smart Source Parsing 2001. 20 ref Pollard, D.G.d 1955TFeeding habits of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) ' 5 43664-671 Annals of applied Biology}Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, Bemisia tabaci, Dgt, Alimentation, Stylet, Tissu vgtal, Oeuf, comportement, site alimentaire, EPG $LydiaG1003, Ent 0790Ann. appl. Biol. Pollard, D.G. 1973LEPlant penetration by feeding aphids (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea): a reviewVBull. ent. Res. 62631-714Ent 1673pjEPG, interaction plante-insecte, rsistance, Homoptera, Aphididae, revue, stylet, comportement alimentaire`t_$  Walker, G.P. Backus, E.A.  2000|uPrinciples and applications of electronic monitoring and other techniques in the study of homopteran feeding behavior *$Gregory P. Walker & Elaine A. Backusb\Proceedings of the Symposium at the XIX International Congress of Entomology, Beijing, China ,%Thomas Say Publications in Entomology biblio Nic^XEPG, puceron, aleurode, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aleyrodidae, revue, systeme AC, Systeme DC$Wilkinson, T.L. Douglas, A.E. 1995xAphid feeding, as influenced by disruption of the symbiotic bacteria: an analysis of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) d w J. Insect Physiol. HAThe Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, England OX5 1GB $Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd418d635-640"Journal of Insect Physiology 0022-1910d Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) whose symbiotic bacteria were disrupted with the antibiotic chlortetracycline over the first 5 days after birth (i.e, aposymbiotic aphids), were able to feed from the host plant Vicia faba, as indicated by the regular production of honeydew droplets and by electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of stylet penetration through the plant tissues to the sieve elements, No difference was identified in the time taken by adult symbiotic and aposymbiotic aphids [24 +/- 2.4 and 24 +/- 3.0 min (mean +/- SE), respectively] to penetrate the plant tissues and puncture the sieve elements during the probes which resulted in sustained phloem feeding, 7/8-day-old aposymbiotic larvae produced less honeydew (0.43 +/- 0.038 mg/aphid) over 24 h than symbiotic aphids (0.79) +/- 0.079 mg/aphid), but this difference was attributed primarily to the greater body size of the symbiotic aphids, suggesting that feeding by these larval aphids was not substantially impaired, The aposymbiotic larvae produced smaller honeydew droplets more frequently than symbiotic larvae, and no difference between the number of droplets produced in the first and second 12 h in the 24 h recording period was found, Aposymbiotic adults, in contrast, fed relatively poorly, Both EPG and honeydew production studies indicated that all symbiotic adults, but only 60-66% of aposymbiotic adults, had initiated phloem ingestion within a 10 h test period, It is proposed that the deleterious effects of bacterial disruption may be cumulative, and become increasingly severe and nonspecific with time since antibiotic treatment, It is recommended that studies on the nutritional physiology of aposymbiotic aphids are conducted with recently-generated aposymbionts, whose feeding responses are not impaired.TNArticle TL Wilkinson, Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, EnglandAcyrthosiphon pisum; symbiose; Buchnera; miellat, HOMOPTERA; RSISTANCE; milieu artificiel, mtabolisme, puceron, aphide, EPG, Vicia faba, aposymbiotiquedEnt 0583.'Wright, J.P. Fisher, D.B. Mittler, T.E. 198537 9-1160radioactivit, taux ingestion ; inuline marque,LEMeasurement of aphid feeding rates on artificial dits using 3H-inulin,.(Entomologia experimentalis et applicata.Entomol. exp. appl.eEnt 0143 Wyatt, T.D. 1997*$Methods in studying insect behaviour D.R. Dent & M.P. Waltond81Methods in ecological and agricultural entomology (!Wallingford (UK) ; New York (USA) CAB International 27-56 biblio Niczscologie, entomologie, test en laboratoire, RPI, comportement, EPG, comportement de choix, comportement alimentaire,&Young, R.F. Shields, K.S. Berlyn, G.P. 1995XHemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae): Stylet bundle insertion and feeding sites  , Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. *#9301 Annapolis Rd, Lanham, MD 20706@ Entomol. Soc. Amer.d886827-835d4.Annals of the Entomological Society of America 0013-8746f_Adelges tsugae; hemlock woolly adelgid; stylet bundle; TSUGAE HOMOPTERA; PENETRATION; APHIDIDAEP{Article RF Young, US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, NE Forest Expt Stn, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA $ LydiaEnt 1331C.'Simon, J.C. Dedryver, C.A. Pierre, J.S.0 1991Identifying bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi emigrants, alate exules and gynoparae: application of multivariate methods to morphometric and anatomical features| " 4 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 593267-277 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata0 [AR] Insect pests Anatomy morphology biology Techniques identification Cereals agricultural entomology Hemiptera Aphididae Rhopalosiphum padi arthropod pests pests animals arthropods invertebrates insects Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera Rhopalosiphum Aphididae,%Multivariate analysis methods were used to distinguish between the 3 female alate morphs of Rhopalosiphum padi (emigrants, alate exules and gynoparae). Fourteen morphomoteric descriptors and 7 anatomical parameters indicative of their potential fecundity were considered. Three populations or clones from distinct areas were also taken into account. The 3 alate morphs were separated with between 93 and 100% success. Some simplified criteria allowing distinction are described, and as an example one of them was applied to R. padi alatae caught in 3 suction traps. The reliability of the samples analysed is discussed. Practical use of identification techniques described may have implications for forecasting (e.g. barley yellow dwarf luteovirus), and for improving knowledge of aphid population biologyn(!Using Smart Source Parsing 31 ref9f_Simon, J.C. Baumann, S. Sunnucks, P. Hebert, P.D.N. Pierre, J.S. Gallic le, J.F. Dedryver, C.A. 1999Reproductive mode and population genetic structure of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae studied using phenotypic and microsatellite markers G W Molecular Ecology804531-545dMolecular Ecology: [AR]zgenetic variation heterozygosity spatial distribution evolution sexual reproduction asexual reproduction microsatellites geographical distribution Sitobion avenae France Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Western Europe Europe Developed Countries European Union Countries Mediterranean Region OECD CountriesrkThe evolution of breeding system variation was studied in French populations of S. avenae between 1990 and 1995. Ecological and genetic investigations into the spatial distribution of reproductive mode variation were combined. Reproductive mode was characterized in 277 lineages of S. avenae and these aphids were scored for 5 microsatellite loci. The analyses revealed strong geographical partitioning of breeding systems, with obligate asexuals mostly restricted to the south of France, while lineages producing sexual forms were more common in the north. A strong north-south differentiation in body colour also existed. There was substantial genic and genotypic diversity, even in the obligately asexual lineages. More than 120 different genotypes were detected among the 277 S. avenae lineages, with an average of 5.9 alleles per locus (range of 4 to 16) and heterozygosity of 56.7%. Most loci showed heterozygote deficits, and disequilibrium was common among allelic variants at different loci, even after removal of replicate copies of genotypes that might have been derived through clonal reproduction. The results suggest that selection is important in structuring reproductive systems and genetic variation in French S. avenae. The associations between genotypic and phenotypic variables were examined, enabling the identification of alleles correlated with life-history traits(,&Using Smart Source Parsing 2 pp of ref2,Singh, R.P. Kurz, J. Boiteau, G. Bernard, G. 1995Detection of potato leafroll virus in single aphids by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and its potential epidemiological applicationJ. Virol. Methodsd 0*PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands $Elsevier Science Publishers BV551133-143$Journal of Virological Methods 0166-0934composite sample; Luteovirus; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); southern blot; aphide virulifre; AMPLIFICATION; TUBERS, PCR, puceron, aphide, virus, transmission, Myzus persicae, PLRVc4.A reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system was developed using two 20-mer primers located in the potato leafroll virus (PLRV) capsid gene. A 336-bp PCR product was detected from aphids () which had been fed on -infected plants. The PCR band was specific to PLRV as determined by Southern blots and detection by a PLRV-specific probe. As little as 5 min exposure of aphids to PLRV-infected leaves resulted in the presence of PLRV-specific bands in 13% of aphids. However, the percentage of PLRV-positive aphids increased with longer exposure to infected sources and reached 90% after 3-4 days of feeding. PLRV can be detected from a single viruliferous aphid or a single viruliferous aphid combined with up to 29 non-viruliferous aphids. PLRV can be detected from freshly collected aphids, those stored at - 70 degrees C, or those stored in 70% ethanol at room temperature for extended periods. This method is applicable to assess the viruliferous nature of aphids caught in yellow-pan traps during the growing season or stored for over a year.b\Article RP Singh, Agr & Agrifood Canada, Res Ctr, POB 20280, Fredericton, Nb E3B 4Z7, Canada Ent 01047\downwindcpdorRasticallygewsyyeruiiednkingvenopllletssu uughtuuyu=r>eyeeeeeeeeeeewerrrrr rrabilitelleotioneeessss sssete4ingHwKwwwwwwCwiednkingvenopllletssuughtuuyur=e>eyeeeeeeewerrrrabilitelleotioneeessssseteing4WHwKwwwwwCw nXulXXXylemDY7YYeeeeDeYfe e edeveee7e8e9e:e>e?e@eyeeeeeeeeeeeee eee4e8eearClEll llowvuvoooooiiiiiCii n1Rn0.nm . njN^NuNV ni@ n) n P=P npА-@Bn`Pp n"n 00Qfp n1p n"n 00 ifp nBp Rn0.nm. njN^NuNV n=PBn ni@ n) n P=P npА-@Bn`nB.Bn`(p n2n 00Qf|`Rn0.nmJ.f(0.nlp n2.Rn"n 3Rn0.nm. nj n0N^NuNV n=PBn ni@ n) n P=P npА-@Bn`nB.Bn`(p n2n 00 QfGossypiieP9P<P=P>PBPuu|uuuumouyonaPAa RRaduallyiinmmmmmmminaeEAE uumHH/pppfppp/p;ppppnierphiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiae Fabales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plantsPIDirect current electrical penetration graphs (DC-EPGs) were used to analyse the stylet penetration activities of cowpea aphid, A. craccivora, on plants of aphid-resistant (ICV-12) and aphid-susceptible (ICV-1) cultivars of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata. Aphid stylet penetration on whole plants at seedling, flowering, and podding stages were studied in one experiment, and in another experiment excised leaves from seedling pB specificallyitytraleednntrrr rmatophytaa i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i  haerothecaillerDolito oradically tt s~tedtrppprrayingiiiiiead ingʕ$qʌ ʐ`@ʑ0 ʐ`ʐ ʑ0sʐ`ʐ`ʕ@ʐ`8=8=B|_ʐ@ʕeʐ` #$ ʑ0Pʓ`NO0._ʑ0B#(#܊### #ʑ0ʔ Gʑ0Ingestedging oonRo Rn i" i$ h% h hD h" h# h$ h% h& h' h2 h hF hN hO h_ h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h  h  h h  heritance  iibitii8ionori omogeinitieslneityitiallyd ted dd  iingon jjectionuriousynerooculatedR Rion p p pput RA8s y QlJ( cA Ql 0Hn/9 Ql?9 Ql NNqO Hn?< /.N QO N QnN^ _O NNVB/<nN Q"-_B/<nN Q" .f0<`0<N^NuNVp0.Jop`pN^NuNV?.NT@ .fnNr2p0.n=|B?..N Q"-_B/<v~ash(i7iBiJiii) iiiiiCcEcRccccccccccccccccccccccccc c c c cc4cot5hexualssshhfordipectssSAYsCesse eediing mmenti ignedingmilationistsnociatedp i" i irar;rArErQrrrrrrrhhhhhrr ivedssstttttt tIpartmente[ eure eendedntg i iingletion tttcrrrr AoflBnCnEnjnFnGnqnHnKnMnNnRnUn[n_nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnneentical"ficationeeeedf y yyingfI$II&Illl lustrationsmagecisw idaclopride e e e ew ematureoobilityzecpactiiiiiiredcerfect4 i4ial5o lications yyortance t tt nssTȄ*ݤ?IkMBL}͉c~S693}A+Ȁ@9X$X!Bvn0v& Df٩MUـM u}9#ܽ7H[vQCG vfcO` )| hӈ /SmW&#3'E^f1\ 򦕰@7ku}ҏKHoM|8^dm.7 Tu>+xjvV1&roEK\/&/9wɳU?GH`(oôq{}?~nY9Dt3zuz@RA$y\]9szzTPm'!s*l `f5!M >p;x+y&q (Il#2|6}&z^Gΐlt) -6-Sgw9GMf923Ni ݱww_8ïvZ{f G>:^2H] O; :$9j8Rahb, Y. Febvay, G. 1993CProtein toxicity to aphids: an in vitro test on Acyrthosiphon pisum  ' 0 Entomol. exp. appl.672 149-160.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataYv 3715Homoptera; Aphididae; Acyrthosiphon pisum; Phloem Feeding; Proteins; Artificial Diet; Toxicity; Growth Inhibition; LC50; PEA APHID; INSECT RSISTANCE; MYZUS PERSICAE; PURIFICATION; rsistance, puceron, $toxprot, milieu artificielalfArticle Y Rahbe, Insa, Biol Appl Lab 406, Inra, UA 227, 20 AV a Einstein, F-69621 Villeurbanne, FranceHARahb, Y. Chen, J.Q. Sauvion, N. Delobel, B. Pitrat, M. Lecoq, H.  1995>The Cucumis melo / Aphis gossypii model: biochemical and behavioural characterisation of aphid-plant interactions and their alteration by a resistance gene (Vat) in melon    !   *$XII Annual Meeting ISCE, October 2-6 Chile24Ent 0380puceron , Aphis gossypii, rsistance, plante, melon, EPG, vat, pyrazole, amino-acide, virus, seve, Myzus persicae, cucumis melo, melon:3Rahb, Y. Sauvion, N. Jouanin, L. Gatehouse, A.M.R. 1996Transgenic plants resistant to phloem-feeding insects. Example of crop species partially resistant to Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) f t  ????? ????? ?????wplante transgenique, resistance, phloeme, insecte, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae), plante, transgnse, puceron, 3 A  voir Yvan pour complementEnt 120981Renard, S. Calatayud, P.A. Pierre, J.S. Ru le, B. 1998Recognition behavior of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) at the leaf surface of different host plants< - A  Journal of Insect Behavior113;429-450 Journal of Insect Behavior [AR]ngcassava host plants behaviour feeding behaviour insect pests plant pests root crops biology agricultural entomology Phenacoccus manihoti Manihot esculenta arthropods Phenacoccus Pseudococcidae Coccoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Manihot Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants<The testing behaviour and test probing which are a part of host-plant acceptance behaviour were studied in P. manihoti. Attention was focused on the testing behaviour of three plants of the Manihot genus (2 varieties of cassava (Incoza and M'Pembe) and a hybrid of cassava and M. glaziovii (Faux-caoutchouc)) and a weed of cassava fields (Talinum sp.). This enabled not only the characterization of the associated behaviour but also demonstration that the mealybug is able to distinguish between different host plants when walking on the leaf. The video description of the test probing of 1st- and 4th-instar larvae on M'Pembe and on the Faux-caoutchouc shows that the succession of the phases is similar. After a first phase characterized by the repeated intervention of the mealybug sensorial organs, a second phase, more mechanical, with up-and-down head movements, is observed. At this time, the stylets pass through the epidermic and inner tissues. Finally, a third phase, during which the mealybug becomes more agitated, is observed: it stands up using its rear legs and pushes the upper part of its body against the plant. The stylets continue their progression, which is principally intercellular, until they reach the phloem. Longer and longer immobility periods are observed over a period of time. The coupled videocamera and electrical penetration graph technique were used to observe the relations existing between outer and inner plant events, i.e., between the behavioural items and the electrical signals characteristic of the stylet pathway in the plant. It was observed that stylet progression in the plant was more difficult in the resistant hybrid Faux-caoutchouc than in the susceptible M'Pembe variety(!Using Smart Source Parsing 42 ref@.(Reuter, L.L. Toscano, N.C. Perring, T.M. 1993Environ. Entomol.225915-919Environmental Entomology 4170PJArticle LL Reuter, Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521_Modification of feeding behavior of Myzus persicae (Homoptera, aphididae) by selected compoundsR # 2 <5Myzus persicae; Electronic Monitoring System; Feeding Behavior Modification; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; PROBING BEHAVIOR; RESISTANT; DELTAMETHRIN; TRANSMISSION; FECUNDITY; VIRUSES; WHEAT, EPG, comportement alimentaire, Lactuca sativa, laitue, azadirachtin, fecondite, puceron, rsistance, interaction plante-insecteMv Abraham1999 Al-Dawood1996x Annan1996 Annan1997 Annan1997 Annan2000E Aoki19955Ardisson1997 Argandona1983 Aston1986 Auclair1965c Avilla1997xf B.1994a Baaren van1993 Backus1989 Backus1994 Backus19969 Backus2000 Backus20002 Baronio1994 Barrios2000 Baumann1999  Baumgrtner1994 Bayon1987` Berlyn19955C Bernard1995 Bernays2000A Berry1994 Bing1991 Blas de2000Bliss Jr1972 Blua1994- Boissot2000C Boiteau19957 Bonnot19922 Bosque-Perez1996 BosquePerez19980 Bravo1989 Brennan2001Bressers1990 Briere19992 Brown1976 Brushwood1998 Buduca1996Caillaud1994Caillaud1995-Caillaud1995=Caillaud1995=Caillaud1996-}Caillaud1996-Caillaud1997Caillaud1998f Calatayud1994 Calatayud1996 Calatayud1998Campbell1982'Campbell19833/Campbell1983=Campbell1984- Campbell1993- Castanera1996 Caubet19949 Charles2004 Chaubet1995 Chaubet1995 Chaubet1998 Chaubet20019 Chen19955  Chen1996  Chen1996 Chen1996d Chen19970v Chen1997Chiroleu2001 Chu1998 Cohen1998  Cole1994c Collar1997x Collar19990 Copaja19898Corcuera19833 Creamer2002 Darby1996  De Berardinis1994Dedryver1984Dedryver1985Dedryver1987Dedryver1987Dedryver1987Dedryver1991Dedryver1993Dedryver1997MDedryver1999Dedryver200127 Delobel1992> Delobel19939 Delobel1995 Delobel1996 Delobel1996d Delobel1997 Di Pietro1995Dieleman19844YDieleman19939t Don1974 Dorschner1993 Douglas1995 Dreyer1981& Dreyer19828 Dreyer1984 Eenink1984w Elbert1997P Ellis1988 Epperlein1999  Esmenjaud1998 Fabre1999Fargette19888 Fauquet1988 Faure2000 Febvay19927 Febvay19928 Febvay1993> Febvay19933 Febvay19959 Febvay1996Pd Febvay19979@ Febvay19999 Febvay20044 Fereres1996c Fereres1997v Fereres1997 Fereres1999 Fereres2000_ Fisher1985Fishpool1988" Floate1994 Fougeroux1987 Fougeroux19870 Franke198980 Franke19898 Funk20000 Fur2000 Gallic le1999 Gamon1987: Gatehouse1996Gauthier1998 Gillet19879 Girma1994Givovich1995=Goffreda1988-Goldbach19988 Goldwin1986 Goldwin1987 Gouyon19982 Granier2001 Green1996 Grondin2001dGuillaud1997@Guillaud1999- Guillaume2000 Guo1996 Guthrie1991 Halder van19884 Hardie1995&5 Hardie1996P Harrewijn1984 Harrewijn1996 Harrewijn1996 Harrewijn1997 Harrewijn1998 Harrington1998 Hawkins1986z Heard1995{ Heard1995 Hebert19999 Helden van1988 Helden van1995j Henneberry1998= Hodgson1996 Hogen Esch1990s Hogen Esch1992j Hogen Esch1993jHolbrook1976" Hongoh1994&Huignard1999 Hulle1998 Hull1999 Hulshof1998 Hunter1989 Hunter19966| Isaacs19989Ishikawa1994Ishikawa19944 Janssen1988 Janssen1989 Jiang1996 Jiang1999 Jiang2000 Jiang2001 Jiang2001 Johnson1999 Johnson2002 Jones1981 Jones1982: Jouanin1996 Kasper19902 Kasper19902 Kaspers1990o Kawaben Kawabe1978Pm Kawabe1980l Kawabe1985 Kearby19727 Kennedy1978 Kervella1998$ Kervella1998  Kervella1998  Kervella2002 Kervella2002 p Khan1984 Khan19919 Kimmins1984 Kimmins1985 Kimmins1989 Kimmins1996 Kimsey1987 Kindlmann2001! Kinsey1964&" Kinsey1965P# Kinsey1967P$ Kinsey1968P& Kinsey1968' Kinsey1969 Kinsey19787 Kinsey19828 Klinghauf1987|Klingler1998-Klingler1999-Klingler2000- Kobayashi1994DKoenders1990-Koukkari19966Kovalski2000-E Kurosu1995C Kurz19955 Lacroze2002 Lacroze2002 Lafortune2000Lapointe1984- Latimer19949 Lecoq1995 Lei1996 Lei1996 Lei1997 Lei1998 Lei1998 Lei1999 Lei1999 Lei2001Lenteren19989 Lenteren van20012 Lett2001 Lister19966 Llewellyn1987 Luk1996 Lyth1985Mac Lean1978=~ Madhusudhan1998 Madore19944 Magnusson2000 Marilleau1996 Martaresche2000v Martin1997 Martin1999rMassonie1982=Mattioda19941 Mauriello1999b Mayoral1992 Mayoral1996  Mcgrath1996o McLean! McLean1964&" McLean1965P# McLean1967P$ McLean1968P% McLean1968& McLean1968' McLean1969( McLean1971P) McLean1977n McLean1978Pm McLean1980 McLean19828 McLean1987 Meelis1990Meisseliere de la1987 Mentink1984 Mesfin1998Mesquida1988Messeliere de la1987+ Miles1987, Miles1989~ Miles1998/ Mittler1983_ Mittler1985- Mittler1987Molinaro1996"Molinaro2001 Mollema1996 Mollema1996/ Montlor1983. Montlor1989 Mott2000 Muniz1999 Muniz2001 Mutschler1988 Nardon19969? Nardon19999 Natwick1998w Nauen1997 Nenon1993t Nielson1974Niemeyer198330Niemeyer1989-Niemeyer1995=}Niemeyer1996-Niemeyer199791 Nisbet19942 Nisbet19943 Nisbet1994 Nombela2001 Novak1991 Obrycki1991 Oetting1994 on other bacteria, it may be more efficient to produce the nematode on bacteria other than {IXenorhabdus} rather than contend with phase variation, 616^ 56A6^d {36A0`..$q6A6^0 @6A6B6^0@O6A6B06^0Abou-Bakr, 6B0 #1326 8FVD- 4`6BP6^0VDH- 6B06B`6^0dd6B0>R>Q>Q>R >R>R>Q>R">R*>R2...8..6B6^2..,. >Qs of Steinerne6C 6G`2wwwwww6C6E.02.....t.....o{o{o{o{6C6G`o{o{6C6Dp6G`.6C D{o{o{o{6E06G`..,1Vx26C 6^=..t6C 4g6Epp6^6C  fPP! F}/dkVF>AT!1dV,$p6/Buduca, C. Reynaud, B. Luk, D.L.S. Molinaro, F. 1996RElectrical penetration graphs from Peregrinus maidis on a susceptible maize hybrid #  4 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands4 Kluwer Academic Publ792131-139.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata  0013-8703Ent 1222Zea mays L; Electrical Penetration Graph; EPG, spectral analysis; Delphacidae; maize mosaic virus; maize stripe virus; NILAPARVATA LUGENS; RICE VARIETIES; STYLET PENETRATION; PROBING BEHAVIOR; APHID STYLETS; HOMOPTERA; RESISTANT; PLANT; CICADELLIDAE; DELPHACIDAE, Homoptera,Article C Buduca, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, Dept Cultures Annuelles, F-97487 St Denis, FranceTAP demand, article rfrenceri<6Caillaud, C.M. Pietro di, J.P. Caubet, B. Pierre, J.S. 1994Application of discriminant analysis to electrical penetration graphs of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) feeding on resistant and susceptible wheat Z i Bulletin Oilb/Srop174| 36-40Bulletin Oilb/SropEPG analyse discriminante statistical analysis data analysis insect pests pest resistance cereals plant pests wheat varietal susceptibility techniques discriminant analysis pest control control agricultural entomology Aphididae Hemiptera aegilops Sitobion avenae Triticum Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Sitobion Aphididaen>7The application of discriminant analysis to data obtained from electrical penetration graphs of Sitobion avenae feeding on resistant and susceptible wheat lines is reported. The set of variables which explained the resistance-susceptibility status of the wheat genotypes was identified. Resistant plants could be attributed to 2 groups, suggesting that the resistance mechanisms involved were dissimilar. This paper was presented at a meeting of the IOBC/WPRS working group on integrated control in cereal crops held in Le Rheu, France, on 30 November-2 December 1992(!Using Smart Source Parsing 12 ref:3Caillaud, C.M. Di Pietro, J.P. Rahb, Y. Febvay, G. 1995lfLes apports d'une technique actographique, l'EPG, dans l'tude des relations plantes-insectes piqueursInfoZoo10 28-366/EPG, puceron, aphide, rsistance, plante, revueEnt 0438J CtenarytainacruCu`uuuu'uucumberiiis i iisrrr9r|rr rdrvrrrrr9r=r>rBrrr|rrbitaa ceaen ed ev e e> e e e  e= eu7esll ltivarssssss s s sss u u u u u u ulids avoided oil glands in both leaf types; and (4) C. spatulata and G. brimblecombei may lack cues to orient their stylets towards the vascular tissue in the juvenile leavesHx0n@ `1100143815191999220013335536345717239abaxialAcrossadaxialadultadultafterall AlthoughAmericaandand angiospermsanimalanimalsany apparently Applicata ApplicataAR ar\ENumbersssssssssssss s sseeerousr rit t seryntrientsstiono O- Y2 Y alW1 Y mmph aalsss sso o ooatssusbligatelElys srycki servation s e e e e e  eedttttOpUsing Smart 0ce Parsing 2001. many refn,OpgBgHnN0N̒bTJg n PJPf:=nJnoSn?.HnHnHn/.?<=HnNNqX-@ .N^NuNV n P=h n P=h" n PBh n P"n"Q3h<"/.NX-@ n P1n n P1n" .N^NuNV n P=h n P=h" n PBh n P"n"Q3h<". g?</. /.B'/.?<=n. g?</. /.B'/.?<=n. g?<hSieveggggggggg ggHgnalslaiiiiIFICANCEt t t t l l l l l l l l lyl l l l l l l l l l l y y  y  y  y yyingl lbersteinicaksrvverleafy yy4woodn5nmilaroiiities ymonsonppEple hJ PpѮ .N^NuNVHnBN̯P n? n?( np(?HnԨ0.nn n 0 n0HnN̯XN^NuNV n0(@=@?.ṈTJf?.ṈTJf ngp`pN^NuJ9Jf# tJJNuJ9Jg BJB9JNu!̤B tNu!J tNuNV K(-H yJN=B=C=DB/.?<=-_Jg n P-h n P h-P npА-@ n P=P np`А-@ n P=h^BnBn`T0nf Sulzer  mmm mers grand  s  s  ssnnucksyy perparasitismppppplylortedssesyrfffffffacev7vsssvivalssssooedsorshipe sceptibilitylll l lx ley yp w. wt p p p p p p p p p p p p p n"n "B/.Ǹ n !_ n !npЮ n !@ n B n B n B n B n B( n B(! n |" n B(# n 1|$ n 1|& n 1|( n 1|* n 1|, n 1|. n 1|0 n 1|2 n 1|4 n 1|6 n 1|8 n 1|: n 1|< n 1|.>Hx B' n HhDN̒O y5m(B?<?< n !_@B'/. /<_` n B@/. N0NqX@ n -hHx/.NBЮ @CJ 0 n"n ms involved were dissimilar. This paper was presented at a meeting of the IOBC/WPRS working group on integrated control in cereal crops held in Le Rheu, France, on 30 November-2 December 1992(!Using Smart Source Parsing 12 ref:3Caillaud, C.M. Di Pietro, J.P. Rahb, Y. Febvay, G. 1995lfLes apports d'une technique actographique, l'EPG, dans l'tude des relations plantes-insectes piqueursInfoZoo10 28-366/EPG, puceron, aphide, rsistance, plante, revueEnt 0438floweeeezeru{uuuuuui i iing s ssuu uctuating ons xshxyyyingoocuseedldderldiiagellowedgii iingnction(od+r2rrrrrrrr ror~r r!r)r-rDrJrbrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr rrrMMCMEMRMity leter l lyr rzaareasedddddd temperatu:Fere regarded as covariables and introduced to the regression equation by a stepwise procedure. Daily estimations of the field populations by the model were quite good for S. avdiffereeeeednnce s s~ s& t/ t t t t t t tRt i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i  i  i  i ial tioniiiiicult ies  y  y y?gestif@v?veMMBOAs0sEEENSIONALiR itrovaenarmusploidrrrecthhhhhedd h0hodumage and field testswwwwww:^N <wwwwww:Lwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww POpulatione R s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s  s s u u u u u u uE u u u u u u u u u u u u  u u u uusssrcheronsitionCvelllys s s}sible~tBtttttt tthumaetato1e1e3eAeCeeeeee e4eo{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,Plants0O4O:OROOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOCOEORttsssssssssssssssss s s ssBssticityteyback enumotsCRVOCO umu uulesO O4 ao{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{wavefformsssssssssnsp e# e C C C C C l l llengthsxedNCyCE C1NeeEeaaaa aathereedkklyl ping vzvil{l%ightlnbaumllnnnnnnnCOME'nntrrehhhhSSsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss s s s sssteern>"n" T"n"(_N^.0000000000 0 00034 41831a135`222222222222E2444R4c6Q852 819984910C04734_4397586C669A8853-983200<7829,2397998993000093318759890438593 58888365> 5`514Z271J579901826374E544increase is correlated with considerable increases in spring populations. Rainfall appeared to have no cumulative effect on population development:{-< France :q`87 Bulletin SROPi10 *^f} L>7Caillaud, C.M. Pierre, J.S. Chaubet, B. Pietro Di, J.P.T 1995Analysis of wheat resistance to the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae using electrical penetration graphs and flow charts combined with correspondence analysis 1 A .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicatan751 9-18.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata9Ent 0379flow charts EPG, homoptera, aphididae, stat, analyse discriminante, AFC, ACP, alnalyse multivarie, flow chart, wheat, resistance, cereale, aphide, Sitobion avenae, electrical penetration graphs,, resistance mechanisms wheat pest resistance insect pests plant pests varietal reactions cereals feeding behaviour resistance biology behaviour pest control control agricultural entomology Triticum aestivum Triticum monococcum Sitobion avenae Triticum arthropods Triticum Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animalsThe behaviour of Sitobion avenae was compared on resistant wheat lines of Triticum monococcum and a susceptible variety of Triticum aestivum. Firstly, stylet penetration activities were monitored with the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique and subsequently analysed using flow charts combined with correspondence analysis. Plant resistance was shown to be associated with repeated penetrations without access to either the xylem or the phloem, and with numerous failures in starting a sustained sap ingestion (as represented by pattern E2). Access to sieve elements of the phloem did not seem to be much affected on resistant plants but it took the aphid three times as long to produce a sap ingestion pattern when maintained on the resistant line T. monococcum no. 44 (Tm44) compared with aphids maintained on susceptible plants. As a result the total time spent in ingesting from sieve elements was reduced by 72% on Tm44. Secondly, direct observations of freely-moving apterous adults were made. Aphids did not discriminate between resistant and susceptible wheat during the first 30 min of access to test leaves, but only 4 out of 25 aphids were still probing after eight hours on resistant Tm44. The relevance of these results to possible location of the resistance factor(s) are discused. Although detection of plant resistance before sieve elements are reached can not be rigorously excluded, the factors involved in T. monococcum resistance to S. avenae undoubtedly occur within the phloem vessels(!Using Smart Source Parsing 26 ref> Caillaud, M. 1996pCaractrisation de l'interaction Triticum/S. avenae et analyse des mcanismes de la rsistance des T. monococcum ! 3 b  $Marina Caillaud - INRA Rennesavril 96Rapport d'activit\VHomoptera, aphididae, rsistance, plante, insecte, puceron, slection, mecanisme de la rsistance, EPG, RPI, physiologie, biochimie, analyse multivarie, ACP, AFC, antiapptent, phagostimulant, acide hydroxamique, DIMBOA, acide amin, sve, phlome, callose, genetique, variabilite, durabilite, gestion de la rsistance, biotype, agressivit,Ent 1197$Caillaud, C.M. Niemeyer, H.M.d 1996jdPossible involvement of the phloem sealing system in the acceptance of a plant as a host by an aphid Experientia 52927-931 Experientiad rechercher81Homoptera, Aphididae, rsistance, mcanisme, EPG,JCCalatayud, P.A. Rahb, Y. Tjallingii, W.F. Tertuliano, M. Le R; B. 1994^WElectrically recorded feeding behaviour of cassava mealybug on host and non-host plantsEntomol. Exp. Appl.72219-2320.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Ent 1671EPG, Phenacoccus manihoti, Homoptera, Pseudococcidae, test de choix, Phenacoccus manihoti/ Homoptera/ Pseudococcidae/ EPG/ stylet penetration/ sieve elements/ intracellular punctures/ host-plant choice/ allelochemicals/ antixenosis/ STYLET PENETRATION/ QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS/ SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM/ PHLOEM TRANSPORT/ MYZUS-PERSICAE/ APHID STYLETS/ RESISTANCE/ HOMOPTERA/ BARLEY/ ULTRASTRUCTUREn   *$Calatayud, P.A. Nardon, C. Rahbe, Y. 1996ngA new technique to immobilize an aphid or a mealybug on plants using a high-frequency microcautery unitEntomol Exp Appl B;Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands0 Kluwer Academic Publ801239-241d.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 0013-8703Ent 1672zsMacrosiphum albifrons; Phenacoccus manihoti; electrical penetration graphs; stylet pathways; stylectomy; phloem sapjd^Article PA Calatayud, Orstom, Entomol Lab, Parc Sci Agropolis 2, F-34397 Montpellier 5, FranceF?Campbell, B.C. McLean, D. Kinsey, M.G. Jones, M.C. Dreyer, D.C. 1982uProbing behaviour of the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum, biotype C) on resistance and susceptible varieties of sorghum6 # 6 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata31140-146.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata:AR EPG, Hemiptera, AphididaePJCampbell, C.A.M. Pettersson, J. Pickett, J.A. Wadhams, L.J. Woodcock, C.M. 1993Spring migration of damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Homoptera, aphididae), and summer host plant-derived semiochemicals released on feeding & 5 J. Chem. Ecol.197 1569-1576 "Journal of Chemical Ecologyd 3939Homoptera, Aphididae, Phorodon humuli, Cannabaceae, Humulus, RPI, Pheromone agregation, Acide salicylique, Hexenal, Caryophyllene, Attractif, Repulsif`J|t81Klingler, J. Powell, G. Thompson, G.A. Isaacs, R. 1998zPhloem specific aphid resistance in Cucumis melo line AR 5: effects on feeding behaviour and performance of Aphis gossypii $ 0 l .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata86 79-88.'Entomologia Experimentalis et ApplicatadEnt 1932tPhloeme, puceron, Homoptera, Aphididae, rsistance, Cucumis melo , AR 5 Aphis gossypii, comportement, EPG, Vat, Agr 5 A I Y  Klingler, J. 1999vPhenotypic and molecular-genetic analysis of resistance to Aphis gossypii (cotton-melon aphid) in Cucumis melo (melon) ; J b n  Tucson University of Arizona Ph.D. Diss. recherchercucumis melo (melon), Aphis gossypii, Hemiptera, Aphididae, test en laboratoire, EPG, gntique, marqueur molculaire, cartographie gntique,    NHKlingler, J. Kovalski, I. Silberstein, L. Perl-Treves, R. Thompson, G.A. 2000ZAphis gosspypii resistance in Cucumis melo: the genetic basis of a phloem-specific defense   *  $Nurit Katzir & Harry S. ParisTMCucurbitaceae 2000 - The 7th EUCARPIA Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics & Breeding Ma'ale Ha Hamisha, Israeld 6/ACTA HORTICULTURAE, Intern. Soc. Horticult. Sc. 510313-320 March 19-23, 2000 Nat, Ent 2297'melon, Cucumis melo, slection varitale, antibiose, antixnose, Aphis gossypii, Hemiptera, Aphididae; EPG, AR5, rsistance, biotest, $rm, Vat, Agr Kobayashi, M. Ishikawa, H. 1994J. Insect. Physiol."Journal of Insect Physiology401 33-38demande le 14/04/94Pea Aphid; Alata; Flight Muscle Breakdown; Protein Synthesis; Programmed Cell Death; RESOLUTION 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PROTEINS; RNAR We studied the changes in protein synthesis in the indirect flight muscles of alata of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum during their development and degeneration subsequent to the final ecdysis, and obtained the following results. (1) While overall protein synthesis in flight muscles was markedly decreased during its degeneration, several proteins were induced specifically at this period. (2) In starved insects, in which the flight muscles did not degenerate, the above proteins were not induced at the same period of time. Refeeding these insects induced the same set of proteins. (3) In vitro translation of the RNA from the flight muscles suggested that induction of at least some of these proteins is regulated at the transcriptional level. (4) Injection of antibiotics that inhibit RNA and protein synthesis into insects prevented the flight muscles from degeneration. Based on these results, we suggest that flight muscle breakdown in the alate aphid, subsequent to its migratory flight, consists in programmed cell death.VOArticle H Ishikawa, Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Inst Zool, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, JapantXMechanisms of histolysis in indirect flight muscles of alate aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) D W "Lapointe, S.L. Tingey, W.M.U 1984d^Feeding response of the green peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) to potato glandular trichomesJ. econ. Entomol.J. econ. Entomol.772386-389 237vpHomoptera, Aphididae, Solanum tuberosum, Alimentation, RPI, Rsistance, Myzus persicae, Trichome, Vection, Virusant factor D R "Jpn J. Appl. Entomol. Zool.373|145-15282Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 4106Aphis Gossypii; Aphid; Cucumis Melo; Plant Rsistance; Callose, Homoptera, Aphididae, mcanisme, biochimie, Aphis gossypii , melon, l z nhArticle T Shinoda, Natl Res Inst Vegetables, Ornamental Plants & Tea, Kusawa 360, Ageo, MIE 51423, JapanPierre, J.S. Kasper, C. 1990lAnalysis of the structure and variability of the egg-laying behaviour of the hymenopteran parasitoid Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luz. in its host, the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae F. The contribution of data analysis to the definition of behavioural variables e |   Biology of Behaviour15 3-4:Biology of Behaviour [AR]EPG flow charts Insect pests Beneficial insects Natural enemies Reproduction Oviposition biology behaviour parasitoids hosts Techniques analysis Cereals biological control agricultural entomology Aphididae Hemiptera Braconidae Hymenoptera Aphidius uzbekistanicus Sitobion avenae arthropods arthropod pests pests animals arthropods invertebrates insects beneficial arthropods Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera Hymenoptera Aphidius Braconidae Sitobion AphididaeThe egg laying behaviour of Aphidius uzbekistanicus on Sitobion avenae was recorded with a video camera in the laboratory. The behaviour observed was classified visually and by cluster analysis. The sources of variation identified from the 2 methods were compared and cross-validated to reach a final consensus. The study is claimed to have provided an accurate analysis of behavioural plasticity<5French Analyse de la structure et de la variabilite du comportement de ponte de l'hymenoptere parasitoide Aphidius uzbeckistanicus Luz. dans son hote, le puceron des cereales Sitobion avenae F. Apport de l'analyse de donnees a la definition des items comportementaux Using Smart Source Parsing 152-168. 15 ref.Pierre, J.S. Kasper, C. 1990The design of flow charts using factorial analysis. Application to the study of the courtship behaviour of the male of the mole cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L.)   Biology of Behaviour15 3-48Biology of Behaviour [AR](!flow charts Stats EPG Insect pests Factorial analysis Reproductive behaviour Techniques analysis behaviour biology agricultural entomology Gryllotalpidae Orthoptera Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa arthropod pests pests animals arthropods invertebrates insects Orthoptera Gryllotalpa GryllotalpidaenThe design of ethological flow charts using factorial analysis was investigated. The courtship behaviour of male Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa is used as an illustrationxFrench La representation des diagrammes de flux sur plans factoriels. Application a l'etude de la parade sexuelle du male de la courtiliere (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L.) Using Smart Source Parsing 125-151. 23 ref.Pierre, J.S. Kaspers, C. 1990La reprsentation des diagrammes de flux sur plans factoriels. Application l'tude de la parade sexuelle du mme de la courtillire (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L.) # i Biology of Behaviour15125-151Biology of BehaviourAR2,diagramme de flux, flow charts, EPG, statEPGTNPierre, J. Pierre, J.S. Marilleau, R. Pham-Delegue, M.H. Tanguy, X. Renard, M. 1996uInfluence of the apetalous character in rape (Brassica napus) on the foraging behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera) . < f t Plant Breeding 1156484-487Plant Breedinghoney bees hybrid seed production foraging behaviour rape pollination flowers fatty oil plants swede rape Apis mellifera Brassica napus var. oleifera Brassica napus France Apis Apidae Hymenoptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Brassica napus Brassica Brassicaceae Capparidales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Western Europe Europe Developed Countries European Union Countries Mediterranean Region OECD Countries>~In order to establish whether commercial hybrid seed production between petalous and apetalous rapeseed lines could be developed through insect cross-pollination, observations were made to compare the foraging behaviour of honeybees on both flower types with regard to their attractiveness. Number of flowers/m2 and nectar volumes, considered as important attractive factors, did not differ between the two lines, but nectar sugar composition was slightly different. Honeybee density was significantly higher on the apetalous line when their foraging activity was rather high. Honeybees showed a considerable constancy to each flower type. Passages between both types were not very frequent. Nectar foraging behaviour, observed under cages, differed with the floral morphology. On the petalous flowers, honeybees visited the two inner nectaries by crawling over the anthers and the stigma, while on the apetalous ones they often inserted their tongues between the sepals, thus having less contact with the reproductive organs. From these results, the honeybee efficiency in cross-pollination between petalous and apetalous lines appears to be reduced(!Using Smart Source Parsing 22 refV UnivA4e5eae;eAeEeQeeeeeeeeee'e= ersidad t[ yI r[ rknownlikes necessary parasitized r rrelated  suitabilitystainedtetherediltrreatedpCptpppperttaker w wwindrrartuoleucon P PPVS`S A) iiiiie eeeeeeee= ersidad ty[I r[ rknownlikes parasitized r rrelated sustainedtetherediltreatedCptpppperttakerrartuoleucon P PPVS`S A) iiiiie e^NNR6`0000 00000000#0400E0013 8NH$1%4&488A822'4h4A23h154(40v591533333139Y6445066870a00199999Q91 122r6 98955591186217 '7700x0 0 00000000Q00C1171 221232h41235Hn=y=Hn{?9=?.ꨓp. NHh/.y/.N^NuNVB'/<=츨JfN>/j-@Hn/<N>! y=fp`p=@Hn?<?.N>!0y=/BgHnN>,JO Hnvaphid ici iiiiiiiisiiiiiii~i i!i"i#i$i%i&i'i(i)i.iti0i1i2i3i4ii7i9i?i@iAiBiEiGiqiJi[i_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|iiiii i i i iiiiNii`o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{N Cultivars u u u u u uuresmmulativer r r rielr rr rrentvvvv"vettting vyyyEycleDDssEssicalllindersperales t t t t t t t t t D D D t t t t tologicalDeaaaoanamaaa!ammulativer r rrlerrrentvvvv"vetttingvyyEycleDDEssicallperales t t t t t t t t t D D D t t t tologicalDeaaaoanamaaa!awP+GAineEllhicformesEsEtusnmonppedt:tehousehereduthiervee eelaation minivirus n n n n nvnet9tArXr rr rrCrrr rEraliislly t tted S  iionsS StT'i 'i 'i 'i'i icssssssss ssmonppedt:tehousehereduthierveeelaation minivirus n n n n nvnet9tArXr rrCrrrEraliislly t tted Sions StT'i icsssssssssw{PlantBeQeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee e eeeReeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee e ee aaaa ava a4aaaa a agineae e  e ee>OOs s s ssssss+s,s/s1s3shs9s:s;s?s@sAsKsQsZsggggggenests s s s s ssssfs+Owwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww asSociatedi i i i i i i i  iion t s s s sumptionnteraceae l lles oontymptotictttttCtEtttttttttttttt teetachmentkksedsiningemptnsntion r rractiantsed iftontRve i n nessi ityibuted uu=caceaelesonttttCtEttttttttttttttackmsiningemptnntion r rracti ifuRvet i n nessi ityibuted uuc=cc r Hemiptera l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l`lockp`pncenneberryptenrbivoryz x{ x xet t teroblastic geneoustheca zzygosityxx tepxaploid enalry miptresy i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l`lockp`pncenneberryptenrbivoryz x{ x xe terozygosityxx tepxaploid enalry miptresy iIDentificationeeedf y yyingfI$II I I&Ill ll lustrated ionmagecisw idaclopride e e e ew ematureoediatelyobilityzecpactiiii iiiredcerfect4 i4ial5o lications yyortance t t  tt nedf y yyingfI$II I&Ill ll lustrated ionmagecisw idaclopride e e e ew ematureoediatelyobilityzecpactiiiiiiredcerfect4 i4ial5o lications yyortance t t  tt nsleursvelssssssss0siiiiiEifekEkkttkk ghtkelllihoodynnmmitationeednoonnnnnnea|aaaaagesrrssvsYUvsssssstaire ked ttspaphis ster tteratureCtleCLL;Lewellynobesiaacclynnnmmitationeednonannn|neaaaaagesrrssvsYUvssssssts stert tttleOCL;Lewellynobesiaacch varieties y y y  y y y y y y y y y  yytale ooustEtsss ssculartttttttvt9i>iii idivie9e|eeection=ooo4orssss) sgggggggetable s sB lcllinslazquez5 rlags saillestiletebratesyssssselssselsZ\^`bdfhjlnprtvxz|~}  "3 &3'p (regiondraaaaaaaasaaaaalsssression o o o o o o o ooupedularetteddorsjectdion s s slatedi iiiiiiiiii i i iiingzon{s+s/s<sOsssssss h h hr hipq s s s s  s ss eb e v  vveslllllllElye e e easedsss h h hr hipq s s s ss sb e  vvesllllElye^ e e e easedvvanceob99v5 blackwellsdgeeoooissock ings omingCtCsuaCCodyeeeeoticum iissotCteau mbus 7nnot7rdeauxgring sque PPerezt xhrrrrr r rranauu ulevardtlength s x4 ra rC r p p p p p p p p pCp raconidae n n n n n nnchessingssicae eeccceae* e eJ s s s s s0vokeakdown es EDi iingvvn n cated to a third group and classified as resistant (0.09 < rm < 0.16). The last group contained 17 genotypes with a high level of resistanthanottttttttttttttttt t tt4teeeeEeReeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee e e e ee+eir9mmm+m,m-mMmmmeeeeEeReeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee+eir9mmm+m,m-mMmmmwwwzWalkeringll7li ingfordss tonsevCtRtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt t t t ttDtermmmmmelon vCtRtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttDtermmelon vo{6RInsectsrrrrrtedii`ion iide tttBtRtaaa 'a 'a 'a'aarss sststreqebeaactegraleted r r recitynsityvelyraction n  s s sh s; s s s7 s9 c c> cN cz c{ c c c c ccellularcion iide tttBtRtaaaarssststreqebeeegraleted r r recitynsityvelyiraction n  s s sh s; s s s7 s9 c c> cN cz c{ c c c c c c ccellular{PAdi_ggggggggggggggggg[gesintElmEaeEs mirskijCn nosaperiiiis ilionoideaerrryraaaabemisia d d d d ddemffilmrmeter s s s i izedO s s s s s s s s s s rricsites iism z z z zzation nperii ilionoideaeryaaaabemisia d d d d ddemmeter s s s i izedsO s s s s s s ssitess iism z z z zzation orR angiosperms h h h h h h h h h h h i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iRimaalssseeeeeeessnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnoaa#a$a%a&a'a(aya`annnnnnnnnnnnoaa#a$a%a&a'a(aya`a2Nisbet3td trogenousEJaLooonnnnnnnnm m m mmmbelafnu$u2u5u<uduvupCpplplllllldirectedlinearnc persistentirandomispecificd ynchronizedtreatedrdmallyndytheeeernttuxxxRwwvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvakelmmberwwEwxiauurRuclei OTIDEusembersen the sepals, thus having less contact with the plant's reproductive organs. The aFCfffecteeedsssssss ssrricanttergCgggggggggg gggainsteeeerreeeee e eennnntsooBoRratuma gregationitatedr|eeeaeCeCeffecteeedsssssss ssrricanttergCgggggggggggainsteeeerreeeee eennnntsooBoRratuma gregationitatedr|eeeaeCe eff"whiteflyhhhhhRhhhhhhhhhamolesrliseiidelyl lde ee e eekinson ttnnndttersssssssssssssKress5  ssenschaftsdthvoonipi"i#i4iEiiihhhRhhhhhhhhhamolesrliseiidelyl ldeeekinson ttnnndtterssssssssssssKress5  ssenschaftsdthvoonipi"i#i4iEiiiductioN characterized t t t ing  slestssssuuuuuuuuuuuubeteeeeelationxmi iiZii icalldlUl lllllllll l lZlllyn( ns n odovo9rrrryvzz Icksll9 lemmmiquewss>snaclllleserroleulortetracyclinefoicexx xfx I>sKsssssrdatasene hand, holo9aic clones did not compensate for their lower fitness in mild winters by a higher fitness during the summer. On the other hand, anholocyclic and androcyclic clonjRahbe8fp p pdpvpp7p8n9n:n>n?n@nyni iiiinffallssysyy sonnementlecnnndomllyggeddkked ingspessseedpporttrelytessssssssssss s s_svhheriii iiosssssvageurc d` e`eeeeacheeeee eeCediiii iingtttBtiondCdwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww*Feedingrrrrrrrrrrrrr r rrrrrCrErRrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm m m mmalesssssssrrrrr rrvreresclrrrrerouuillewwwrrrrrrrrr rrrrrCrErRrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmalesssssssrrrrrvreresclrrrrerouuillewwwhese r}oflfn n n nvn nnnnnnnzn{nnsnnonnnmnnpnnnnn~nrn n"n#n$n&n'n(n+n,n-n/nwntn0n1n3n5nann9n:n;n<n?n@nununununununununununwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwsoucheoghtrcessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss(s2PpCttt ttheeCernCpwest ern p ppacingI ineceetttialeeeulataecialitesf.f:fffffffffffEffffffffff f f fffic|iaCaaaaaa aallyallyw@ Transgniqueittlatedionvmissionc P  P4 P5 P< Pu P P P P P P P P Pv Pc P  p4 p5 p; pC p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p t t tttedpplantsfORT eversepsssCssAsmissionttiements3ubenkirschenlaus1eated3emingment e e e s s e e e ee ssEvn n nnds vvesR ialeurodesl c c c c c c c c c c cbeucaulthomess tdecanonefidaio~oliisggeredRselevaR tticumwwwwwwwwwwwwN aphididaeO ob oU o` o o u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u| u u u u u u u u u u  u  u u uX uY u u u u  u  uusoooooooooooo+oidea, sh s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s svssssing apterous adults were made. Aphids did not HbynCCDEDRDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D D DDDVC CCCCCaa}a acaaaaaapa/a.a1a2a3a;a?abined with correspondence analysiswww9 <wwwwww9wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww0Phytochemistry20ImaapRphagenIylacicaII414723card kett5eeegercingrettttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttroqggggcezgra{qqueurss"rem#s%s&s'sHrJrrrron4esumok#k$k&kkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww"= rsistance> s s s s s s s} s  sd s  s s s s s s s s~ s+ s, s. s0 s1 s3 sh s7 s8 s9 s; s< s= s> sy sA sB sQ sR sU sZ s s s s s s s s s s s| s sX sY s ssitance`FHeenenuoo  opalisiphumlisiphumo{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwsessionstvssvstlement ing v v v vv-ver9rn ties raleeeee eeddlyxuuesluallllysellelection i quenceve harkapeathAiehAo`ldsftd sBnodaoBoootr rrtwwee eeningsrwwwssstwRweeednnnnnnnnniii i i iingnssssssuukleisievesanQlggfgo{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwHcdef a5a>aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaayaaaaaathc c eemberiiisionllllinedreasedd f d d  ddicatedryverfffffffffeperefenseiicitssssned(iiition v#veooliation rmansgaatsenerate ionreelsCslayedegueterious obel pdp7p9po`ldsBnodaBoootrtvwRwePednnnnnnnnPn\uuss2Sitobionnuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnbionuation sxzeLRLLL L4L5o5oightlymmmalloooooooooooooooooooot the grain aphid Sitobion avenae F 1994Bulletin Oilb/Srop174 41-47d& Using Smart Source Parsing 5 ref An optimization model for spraying date for deltamethrin against Sitobion avenae on wheat is proposed. The model consists of units representing the wheat phenolog`Milieu J JdJ JJ(l-lwl1l2l3l8lllllm`mzmosa{czceaen{ nnCiiieeeraliimumk ksx+ x, x- xM sortusetes>seytttels-ler/x_xxedtureJJm~obilityddelcl l5l?l@ll9llllllll lop174d 36-406(!Using Smart Source Parsing 12 ref>7The application of discriminant analysis to data obtained from electrical penetration graphs of Sitobion avenae feeding on resistant and susceptible wheat lines is reported. The set of variables which explained the resistance-susceptibility status of the wheat genotypes was identified. Resistant plants could be attributed to 2 groups, sug241E23 3536889993~5000000 0w2 3G1477w899c600 0007559797m8 8001788800000 000b00c06922b2977E7C733E3579AA+e-BMC,Cemes3E Tnd'W13000c0n0A0B0icia faba L var equina Steudel), a des niveaux d'autofertilite differents, avec utilisation de diverses especes de Bombus Latr (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Using Smart Source Parsing{A self-fertile line (D-27) and one of low self-fertility (D-23) were tested. Plots of D-27 caged to exclude insects produced as Tonzw{wwwww~w%w+w,w/www8w:w<wEwOwUw[wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwlw wYwwwwwmkkCbEbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbe pollinatingSselfspringTasei treatmentsViciawithTasei9 9p<Efficiency o9llinating treatments on 2 lines of spring faba bean (Vicia faba equina) with different levels of self-fertility, using different species of Bombuswwwwwww9`<wwwwww9wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 200m00000a080H0J0000000000000000000l0 000000000000000000000000000 00000Z00C0000 008000000a0022222222211uced progeny. Depending on the incubation and infection temperature, the reproductive rate of increase of aphids infected on the 1st day of adult life was 1.5 to 2.5 times less than that of healthy ones. At 20 deg C, the later in life that adults were infected, the less was the effect on the number of offspXpresenteed s s s s s s s s  s sv) vvvvventeedi iaiouslllllElyi i s s  ssions s s s s ifrenceimarily eCersEncetonipall lyeye,les t tedmpsorooooRobablyeeee eeCiiddddsiiiiii imingt#t$t&t't(t)t/ttttddddddddddd dd;do{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwdes=tytcccccccccccccccccEcribed i i i i i i iingption v v veo oorsertignptailedeCectediiiiCion rC r r r rminatione d d d d d  d dC r i i sing s s sred{nce y vt s srimentalevelopeeedm m m m m mC mboderaGMGPGRGrayGraygroupGS guaranteedGVhadhybrid Hybridations hybridesHybridizationhybridizationhybridshybridsinincompatibility inferred inoculated inoculation intermediateinto investigatedisJjunior juvenile juvenileslehopserdeumE maphidinael ticult U URAE s  l  L L s sscience s}styfy yyRzR{R$RERORbRRRRRRRRRRRRfRREwQwwwwwwwwwEuRttsssssssssssss s sssttttttttttKtesswerewhen Wollenweber Wollenweberwe909P<Plant parasi9nematodes crossbreeding Taxonomy synonyms nematology Globodera rostochiensis Globodera pallida Globodera solanacearum Nematoda invertebrates animals Globodera Heteroderidaeiabi9ŀ<ty of the hy9s were investigated by the inoculation of these hybrids on tomatM}afa aaaaaaaa a!a"a#a$a&a'ata0aa9a:a;aaUaZa[aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa a a a a aaaXaYaa aaapp h a aa{o{o{o{o{o{o{901519923753824andAppliedbetweenBossisCamposD DescriptionFrench FundamentalfutureG GloboderaGrayHybridizationhybridsJM mexicanaMiller Mugniery NematologyofpallidaPierrerostochiensisS sol.onlyooooooott t'tarioXoX osterhoff penrationall nelpositetimalisation zzatione e reumrrsssssCFeaaaaadddddddddddddddddd d cAc charddereiiiiii iinaryAegon FganellesismszedseeiientnationginnalitytingnBnamentalo{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{AUSAEe`eeDDAeeffffddddddddffffffffffuli_ingtttttttttCtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwzBemisiannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnneficialz z z z zEzoinxxazinoner rardinis4kse5t5 lin`ynrCnardnysnArydRsides ttatterwwwcweeniiiiEiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiyyyyyyyyyyyyy y yyondiibliotthqueccolorlan?nding@ogQnenhaveno ooassayccc9chemicaliimie  t  ld l= lB qalysis Cereals biological control agricultural entomology Aphididae Hemiptera Braconidae Hymenoptera Aphidius uzbekistanicus Sitobion canal nabaceaetottoutchouca pparidaless ssicumdCd etures ractrisationrriedtt yyingt tographie  yophyllenesseessRsiillafsavastttttanerat ttchesee~echolgoriesubetCghtssedRdCCJellr7rrrrsssRsruuularnnterpE rataphidineE sE eE eeE eanicus Luz. dans son hote, le puceron des cereales Sitobion avenae F. Apport de l'analyse de donnees a la definition des items comportementaux Using Smart Source Parsing 152-168. 15 refbekistanicu9@@<variablesw9`9@ <Biology of B9@iour <wwwwww99۰<wwwwww9@wwwwwwwwwwwwwwww Coleoptera4l5aacarmmcewected oC o i i i i i i iZion ooniesEzzation eeduurimmbinations s sediiCiimmentsrcial i iissionttted oonlllywwealthunitiesyparedddiiiiiiiii i iiing(son s s s s s s$ s l  l:lementtteTo{o{o{o{o{o{wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.IssoooaCaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa a aa|aacsC9CEhikawaooolesvogenicYrvll later rael ttseeeeeeeeeeeeeee eemsss{XCXVVVVVVVVVV'VX XthJKKKo{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwIncreasefoZoo RAc;sectes tercellular  roductionmsJ#K'ohnsone K>LaCtucaQC50Yeavesttuceobesiaucerne,Mas anagementturitymBEcanismeawlongena Topolophiumilieuodelo`ntlorultiple=Nature]isbetumber7observed+fn"nZn1nn l?lyr rnamentalPAdi rasitizationosingo^thology enetration!rcentagesicaed Hagorepulsifh2loemh7 ytochemistryaIsumaVlant(s O(pulationttaton}resentgobingMteino~ucerono{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{StateAnPGsssssssiionarylstical  s s q s s s s s qque ssusaee eeadyffaniepwiserrreotypedEEileEnEnorhynchaarhynchaiuuuuuuuuuuuuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiickinessggmalllmmmulantotesioninr`o 'oockeesmmatarageedwrCrryiirrwrainssmonium1ngs2ewwwwwwwwwwwwo{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{o{FFGeqeHeIeJeKeNeOebeQeZe`eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee e eeXeYeeeeeee) eee 181111111 '1 '1 '1 '1 '1'1173+a(abacc(cOccccccceaecc(eOeeeeeeecaccORQRlllllllllesrrrrrerwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww~analyse=iiiii>iddddddddsssi idisdddddddccccccc cccccttttttcttttttttt t ttomical cycientddxdnnnfn n ndnvncnnnnznons potential PracticalRref reliabilityRhopalosiphumRhopalosiphumSsamples separatedSimon simplifiedSmartSomeSourcesuccesssuctiontaken techniquestheirthemThreetototrapsuseusedUsingwaswerewithyellow99P<Insect pests9Ptomy morphology biology Techniques identification Cereals agricultural entomology Hemiptera AphiM Electrical o l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l  l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l  l  l l lf lyo" o o oityomotive nniiioicam a% aF a a a a a a a a a; a a a a a a a an allyppp!p#ppppenetrographieI horese ISnsmentasQssssssssfsEntomologia 9rimentalis et ApEPGssssssssssssss|ssssssssslssss sssXsYsssssssssssssssssssshhhhhhh hhemeral icuticularcC demiologicala yrmalaics i i i i inocarsis ssRthelialRumaR qsssssssssssssssssshhhhhhhhemeralC idemiological yrmalaics i i inocarsis ssRthelialRumaR qo{  l741Environmental Entomology Environmental Entomology4/Eur. J. Entomol. European Journal of Entomology<9Eur. J. Plant Pathol. European Journal of Plant Pathology@=Eur. J. Plant. Pathology. European Journal of Plant PathologyExptoExperientia ExperientialiHortscience Hortscience InfoZoo$Insects-Plantsapp40International conference on pests in agriculture IOBC meetingR,'J Natur Hist Journal of Natural History\XJ. Appl. Entomol. Journal of Applied Entomology - Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie! J. Chem. EcolJ. Chem. Ecol.o{0*J. Chem. Ecol. Journal of Chemical EcologyJ. Econ. Entomol.(#J. econ. Entomol. J. econ. Entomol.ct40J. Econ. Entomol. Journal of Economic EntomologyJ. Insect Physiol.era4/J. Insect Physiol. Journal of Insect Physiology40J. Insect. Physiol. Journal of Insect Physiology40J. Virol. Methods Journal of Virological MethodsJARQm@;Journal of Applied Entomology Journal of Applied Entomology'<7Journal of chemical Ecology Journal of chemical Ecology'@=Journal of economic Entomology Journal of economic EntomologyD?Journal of Evolutionary Biology Journal of Evolutionary Biologyh85Journal of Insect Behavior Journal of Insect Behavior<9Journal of Insect Physiology Journal of Insect PhysiologyHCJournal of Invertebrate Pathology Journal of Invertebrate Pathology= Journal of Molecular BiologyD41Journal of Plant Disease Journal of plant diseaseTNJpn J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology~41Methods in ecological and agricultural entomology(#Molecular Ecology Molecular Ecologyca Nature NatureOecologia Oecologia E Pestic. Sci..0*Physiol. Entomol. Physiological EntomologyPhysiology and BehaviorPhytochemistryapp Phytochemistry PhytochemistryPhytoma Phytoma O Plant Breeding Plant BreedingLIProceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Pests in Agriculture`\Proceedings of the Symposium at the XIX International Congress of Entomology, Beijing, China2 Science. (#Symp. Biol. Hung. Symp. Biol. Hung.erx xom($XII Annual Meeting ISCE, October 2-6rXLX international congress of entomology. Symposium on Homopteran feeding behaviour: recent research advances and experimental techniquesTQXX World Congress of Entomology, Symp. "Rec. Adv. in Homoptera Feeding Behaviour" Zool Sci Zoological Science Zool Zh Zoologichesky Zhurnalx Applicatam i~ i/ i. i1 i3 ia i8 iu iD iF iG iH iJ iK i_ i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i| i i i i i i i iY i i iionC e e e e e e e e e s s s s s s- sy e e eedoooooqqq5qBqqNX n) n-P n=PTBn`4B'/././<NJg|` npRѮRn0.nm n*.N^NuNVHn?</./. /.NHOHnBg .Ю//. /.N(O .n .Юlp`pN^NuNV nf/./.N(PJf`@ nHh/.NPJg SJn n `@/./.NPJfR . m n `/./.NPJgR . m n!n` nHh/.Usingttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttuuallyl> tilisation Vzationszbeckistanicus kistanicusVVV~a0auaaa(a aa115alidatedi iueynsssnnnUnZpZpZptefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring in Baja California Sur, Mexico. 6 J  Southwestern Entomologist 241q 31-36b 0147-1724pClo 206 PJTRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM/TABACI HOMOPTERA/SWEET-POTATO/ALEYROIndcccCcRcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc c c c c cccc+cc aabilitybredecludedssingognitae m  mmpletel l lyz zzaareased is suggested that this type of model can be used to give information on mean regional infestations on a given date:QPX<wwwwww:Dpwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww{controlossssssssssssssllll llled  ssoperat0pajaiesrcueracnicleooRonarium p4related d i i i i i  i  i#ion s s s s s s s s sd sc si s s o oogram sspond enceii ing u u sumvAvallissttontonwwwwwwwwoodu u suldspring statistical statistical statistique subsequent technique temperaturetermthattimestimestototoolUneupusedUsingweatherwhenwhichwinteryearyear:Q:WQP<Rain Tempera:W Cereals Techniques determination climatic facto08544\107299<569 704O974 93)2000X4138424776Q6725 875Abilitybcidei@ daptationOEstivumgr latenj imentairethough'nalysedWn giospermsn6phidiiLidaesv ssspliSicataedoRrowed.thropodsS1s!SociatedVuVenaeTB asedeenhaviour%misiaiochimieclackreedingJundle:yCqanada erataphis Haracterized[osenl$ lassified[ oleopteramplete/Ounds4 nsiderabletroluldwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwFrancegTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT T8TTTTTTTyTTTT 'T 'T 'T 'T 'T'TTAPE isn0kenliniella E E s sEsseniE eE eC ederictonEllymmonthnchqqqqqqqqqqqqqquencys t t t tt found to be aphid numbers at heading and mean temperatures in May. It is concluded that low May temperatures delay growth and maturation in the food-plant and keep it favourable to S. avenae for a long period, and that they also favour the aphid rather than its natural enemies, thus allowing large healthy aphid populations 6f resistance  tv t t t/ t5 ta t: t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t  t  t  t  t  t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t  t  t  t  t  t txt p ur u. u: uB u u p p p p p  p p p; p O O O O O O O O O O O o o o  o oorOOLUTIONurcesEpectyively o o o o oonseuu~u/(NNqO(_N^NuNV/ (n/ NNqX-@/./. / NO @/.N=X n /.N>X.(_N^NuNV/ (n/./. / T/(NNqO(_N^NuNV/ (n/ NNqX-@/./. / NO @/.N=D &PJDedryver, C.A. Fougeroux, A. Meisseliere de la, C. Pierre, J.S. Taupin, P. 1987Preliminary results concerning the establishment of a model to forecast the risks of outbreaks of Sitobion avenae F. on wheat in spring in the Parisian Basin and northern France| b q  Bulletin SROP101d133-142 Bulletin SROP [AR]Population dynamics wheat ecology environmental factors natural enemies fields beneficial arthropods Techniques forecasting cereals biology agricultural entomology habitats Hemiptera Aphididae Sitobion avenae Triticum France arthropods invertebrates animals insects Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera Sitobion Aphididae Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Western Europe Europe Mediterranean RegionA model for estimating maximum populations of Sitobion avenae on wheat, which was developed from data obtained in Brittany, France, since 1981, accurately forecasted populations in coastal areas from Normandy to Bordeaux in 1982-84 but seriously underestimated populations near Paris and in northern France. Data were collected (in 1980-84 from the Paris area and in 1975-76 from northern France) on the average and maximum numbers of S. avenae/20 tillers, on the monthly sum of mean temperatures, on monthly rainfall and monthly numbers of rainy days; these data were subjected to multilinear regression. The most important influences on the numbers of S. avenae infesting wheat in the spring were found to be aphid numbers at heading and mean temperatures in May. It is concluded that low May temperatures delay growth and maturation in the food-plant and keep it favourable to S. avenae for a long period, and that they also favour the aphid rather than its natural enemies, thus allowing large healthy aphid populations to develop by the heading stage of the plant. The population maxima of aphids in Brittany appeared to depend more on winter temperatures and less on natural enemies than did those of aphids in northern FranceFrench Resultats preliminaires concernant l'etablissement d'un modele de previsions des risques de pullulation de Sitobion avenae F. sur ble au printemps dans le bassin parisien et le nord de la France Using Smart Source Parsing 4 refDorschner, K.W. 1993681 31-41 3918Aphids, like most phloem-feeding insects, commonly exhibit a high degree of host specificity. Plant-specific chemical compounds are likely to serve as important host selection cues for monophagous aphids and such substances could be present in aphid honeydew. Apterous virginoparae of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Phorodon humuli (Schrank) were reared on a buffered sucrose solution containing various aphid honeydews or a mixture of amino acids. In two separate experiments, the host-specific P. humuli (hop aphid) could grow and reproduce only on diets containing honeydew collected from hop (Humulus lupulus L.). M. persicae (the green peach aphid, GPA) did not perform well on diets containing hop honeydew, perhaps because hop is a poor GPA host. Honeydew collected from preferred GPA host plants rape, Brassica napus L., and jimsonweed, Datura stramonium L., allowed GPA growth and reproduction. Hop aphids, however, performed poorly on rape and jimsonweed honeydew diets. Bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L., honeydew supported neither the hop aphid nor GPA. The study of aphid honeydew components may contribute towards a more complete understanding of host preference and selection phenomena in aphids.nhArticle KW Dorschner, Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, PARMA Res & Extens Ctr, PARMA, ID 83660xrSurvival, growth, and reproduction of two aphid species on sucrose solutions containing host or non-host honeydewsmiellat;milieu artificiel; Phorodon humuli; Myzus persicae; Monophagie; Polyphagie; Amino Acids; PERSICAE SULZER; HOMOPTERA; HOP, rsistance, puceron.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicatanEntomol. exp. appl.eDreyer, D.L. Jones, K.C. 1981Feeding deterrency of flavonoids and related phenolics towards Schizaphis graminum and Myzus persicae : aphid feeding deterrent in wheat ? R W e Phytochemistry20 2489-2493\Vflavonoids, phenolics, Schizaphis graminum and Myzus persicae, comportement, repellent in Ent 0279 Dreyer, D.L Campbell, B.C  1984Association of the degree of methylation of intracellular pectin with plant resistance to aphids and with induction of aphid biotypesa ExpI40224-226NEnt 2157PIMethylation, Plants, aphids, Host plant tissues, Sorgum, Biotype, Methylesterases, Activity, resistance, Crops plants, Sap-feeding insects, Plant-grouth regulators, Aphid-pest, Penetration, stylets, Sap-feeding, manipulation, plant intercellular pectins, plant breeding, application, Host plant resistance(HPR), Plant metabolitesd LydiaLFFabre, F. Pierre, J.S. Plantegenest, M. Hull, M. Waetermeulen van, X. 1999tnDevelopment of a decision-making system for determining intervention against barley yellow dwarf in the autumnPIProceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Pests in Agriculture.2 7-9:spraying statistical analysis vectors models expert systems chemical control insect pests plant pathogens barley temperature population density risk Rhopalosiphum padi barley yellow dwarf luteovirus Hordeum vulgare Rhopalosiphum Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals luteovirus group plant viruses viruses plant pathogens pathogens Hordeum Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plantsA model was developed in order to build a computerized decision-making system for determining chemical spraying treatments against the barley yellow dwarf [luteo]virus vector, Rhopalosiphum padi. Based on temperature-driven simulations of aphid populations, the model calculates an index of risk, which evaluates the relevance of spraying. This model allows the evaluation of risk on the scale of a small agricultural area by exploiting data on the Agraphid network. Reliability can be improved by direct counting of R. padi-infested plants. In addition, the use of the Bayesian statistics allows for the management of uncertainty on the model's parameters2+French Developpement d'un systeme d'aide a la decision pour le raisonnement des interventions contre la jaunisse nanisante de l'orge a l'automne Using Smart Source Parsing Montpellier, France, December, Association Nationale pour la Protection des Plantes (ANPP), Paris, France: 1999. 495-502. 6 ref& Febvay, G. Sauvion, N. Rahb, Y. 1992Etude d'une rsistance du melon au puceron Aphis gossypii: aspects comportementaux et mthodes d'analyse (EPG, acquisition informatise, logiciel d'exploitation des donnes) + 9 0*2emes Journes Interactions Plante-Insecte Versailles, 14-15/05/1992|vRPI, Homoptera, Aphididae, Aphis gossypii, Cucurbitaceae, Analyse multivariee, Cucumis melo, Rsistance, EPG, Logiciel?2>= " B*#Sauge, M.H. Kervella, J. Pascal, T. 1998Settling behaviour and reproductive potential of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae on peach varieties and a related wild Prunus.'Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicataa893233-242 DecEntomol. Exp. Appl.aphididae; Myzus persicae; peach; settling behaviour; reproductive performance; resistance mechanism resistance; homoptera; quality; plants; sulzerd^Discovery in the late seventies of resistance to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Prunus species was based on screening in the field or in greenhouses with natural aphid populations. Here, we assess the impact of these wild and domesticated peach trees on the behaviour, development, reproductive performance and demography of cloned aphids under controlled light and temperature. Four peach varieties, i.e., Rubira, Weeping Flower Peach, Summergrand and Male konare and the clone P1908 of the related species Prunus davidiana were tested against the highly susceptible cultivar GF305. Besides a variability in the performance of aphids among experiments, our results showed that (i) distinct mechanisms were involved in the sources of resistance studied and (ii) the ranking of the genotypes on their resistance/susceptibility status remained roughly stable throughout the experiments. Observations on the settling behaviour of first instar nymphs demonstrated antixenosis components in the resistance conferred by Rubira and Weeping Flower Peach. Nymphs began to leave the plants after a short exposure (19-21 h) and no aphid was left after 4 days. Nymphal mortality remained rather low (16%) compared to the repellent effect on aphids of both genotypes. Nymphs disappeared from Weeping Flower Peach significantly earlier than from Rubira. Summergrand, Male konare and P. davidiana clone P1908 were accepted as host plants by aphids. On P. davidiana, decreased fecundity and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m) = 0.20, averaged on all experiments) were clear expression of antibiosis. In addition, the mean length of the mature embryos within the gonads of the females on the day of adult moult was negatively correlated with the total number of embryos, providing evidence that aphids on this genotype lacked sufficient ressources to be directed both towards production and growth of embryos. Compared to the most susceptible cultivar GF305 (r(m) = 0.36), Summergrand(r(m) = 0.26) and Male konare (r(m) = 0.28) had, to a lesser extent, a negative impact on nymph production and rate of increase.,&Article English ENTOMOL EXP APPL 186HV'SAUGE MH,INST NATL RECH AGRON,UNITE ZOOL;SITE AGROPARC;F-84914 AVIGNON, FRANCE. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Zool, F-84914 Avignon, France. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Genet & Ameliorat Fruits & Legumes, F-84914 Avignon, France. Sauge, M.H.` 1999tAnalyse des mcanismes de la rsistance du pcher Prunus persica (L.) Batsch au puceron vert Myzus persicae (Sulzer) 2 T@ ] k  Paris 0)Universit Paris 6 (Pierre et Marie Curie] 188RLThse 3eme cycle, specialit : Biologie Animale, Physiologie des InvertbrsNi(!STATEPG, ACP, rgression linaire@9Jury : Lespinasse Nicole Pierre Kervella Rahb Porcherone'sauge@avignon.inra.freF?Sauge, M.H. Lacroze, J.P. Poessel, J.L. Pascal, T. Kervella, J. 2002JCInduced resistance by Myzus persicae in the peach cultivar 'Rubira'K.'Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicatae 1021 29-37 Jan0Entomol. Exp. Appl.Aphididae; EPG; hypersensitive response; insect resistance gene; localized necrosis greenbug homoptera; probing behavior; winter-wheat; infestation; aphididae; barley; prunus; acidThe effect of a previous infestation by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on the settling behaviour and reproduction of the same aphid species was investigated in the resistant peach cultivar Rubira, and compared with that observed in the susceptible control cultivar GF305. A previous infestation of 48 h triggered induced resistance in Rubira. There were significantly fewer aphids settling on preinfested than on uninfested plants, indicating an increased rejection of Rubira as a host plant. The level of induced resistance in preinfested plants was positively related to the duration of the first infestation. In GF305, previous infestation had no detrimental effect on aphid settlement and even slightly enhanced larviposition by adult females. The aphid probing behaviour after a 48-h preinfestation was also monitored for 8 h with the electrical peneration graph (EPG) technique. On preinfested GF305, most EPG parameters indicated an enhanced host plant acceptance. On preinfested GF305, aphids produced less sieve element salivation and more continuous sap ingestion than on uninfested GF305, indicating that the previous aphids provoked changes in plant properties beneficial to the test aphids. In Rubira, a major induced factor of resistance was thought to be expressed in the sieve element as phloem sap ingestion was 4-fold shorter on preinfested than on uninfested plants. The time taken by the aphid stylets to reach a sieve element was also significantly increased on preinfested Rubira, suggesting the induction of resistance factors outside the phloem. The originality of the Rubira/M. persicae interaction is discussed in the perspective of a better understanding of plant induced responses to aphids.,&Article English ENTOMOL EXP APPL 543GE'SAUGE MH,INST NATL RECH AGRON,UMR UAPV ECOL INVERTEBRES;SITE AGROPARC;F-84914 AVIGNON, FRANCE. Inst Natl Rech Agron, UMR UAPV Ecol Invertebres, F-84914 Avignon, France. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Genet & Ameliorat Fruits & Legumes, F-84914 Avignon, France. sauge@avignon.inra.fr  Sauvion, N.d 1992Analyse comportementale et biochimique d'une rsistance du melon au puceron Aphis gossypii : intervention potentielle des protines phlomiennes L [  Univers. Sc. Lyon I30D.E.A/Master's thesis$TOXPROT, Proteine PP, EPG, RPI, Rsistance, Vection, Virus, CMV, Homoptera, Aphididae, Aphis gossypii, Cucumis melo, Cucurbitace, mcanisme, RPI, biochimie,2,Sauvion, N. Rahb, Y. Delobel, B. Febvay, G. 1993Rsistance du melon Aphis gossypii (gne vat) : utilisation de tests biologiques pour la mise en vidence de facteurs chimiques de rsistance  $ + . 0*3emes Journes Interactions Plante-Insecte Lyon, 11/06/1993RPI, Homoptera, Aphididae, Aphis gossypii, Cucurbitaceae, Analyse multivariee, Cucumis melo, Rsistance, EPG, Logiciel, test biologique, test de choix& Sauvion, N. Rahb, Y. Nardon, C. 1999Effects of the jack bean lectin Concanavalin A on the feeding behaviour and the digestive tract of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum r J. Insect Physiol.$in prep.  x-xlectine, Concanavalin A, comportement ; EPG, physiologie, Homoptera, Aphididae, midgut, plante transgnique, tube digestif, mtabolisme, pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, binding, mode d'action,   |88h`999929Ktt 8 88sth9b9_9000000C65602225AA1Q1;5;9255555;521}7&330000c 011` 1}1&3455M56666773A331487K80$0'7/9444'4 AA4 ba b b b b b b b b b bbaxialiilityilitynual observations on insects and the corresponding accumulation of climatic data for a period of time with variable beginning and ending dates. Some theoretical aspects of the methods are examined. Applications of the model to 2 aphids infesting cereals in western France, Metopolophium dirhodum and RhopalosiphuDuringBwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww w warfyuyyycyyyyyyyyyyyxynamicsssssqqqqqqqsque s saphisE EE Ea-a/a0aaaAa_aaaaaaaaaaaaaia7 aia=aadExample explanatory forecastingFranceGGoldwinininsects integralInvestigationKmethodof outbreaksto Utilization variablesviewwesternwith`:t`%<Bulletin SRO:t`:P%`< correlation:t`layedExample explanatory forecastingFranceGGoldwinininsects integralInvestigationKmethodof outbreaksto Utilization v: percentages s s  s sptionegrinuszfffformaxanceH| H e  e e e  eedn n  nznce gamonNDEhhhhapsiiiodrlSeeeeeeeeesiicslCsssslllpherylmits~oxidasering;sssssicae e e eerH1H3H:H;HRHHH H HHHfHvtcssssrs s.s1s3s4s5s8s9s9s-h np0Ю-@ o, nA-H nA  n$N>+ n` nB npЮ А @"np0"nrҮ ґЁ"@ . . npЮ А"@ np0 n. n P!n n PR. njreducedsssssss ssiRiingttione eAedsseefeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeedingg gErencelectiedg iinggardediiNNqO`n n P/( n P/( n P/(/./.NNqO`-:=@HgN>-BN>/3=N>-J/././. /.NO@J.fN>/ /. NNqX=@/.N NqX-@/.N>,jX@ n0.H P-p8HnHnHnHn/.NtNqOJ\CandEgRggrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrgggggggggoooooooooooooooooooo o o o o ooBo overc gersn w5wandteiiospermsgenetic background. The resistance also varied with pathotype; more females of Ha41 were observed than of Ha12, although line x pathotype interactions were significant of resistanc:<avenae Woll :1986 Agronomiee62143-148fFrench Les lignees d'addition ble-Aegilops ventricosa Tausch. VI. Etude de la localisation chromosomique de la resistance a l'egard d'Heterodera avena"SYSTEMeCeeeeeeeesicallysTTTTaza{11o1-1/111213141;1B1R1Z1_1111111111 1 1 111 100B0 '0 '001JARAbbacikkkkkkkkkkkkkkkklenkenissinglinumR nacetifoliaguypeu hrinaotsukiupinx_xxonomyE ylort|uintergeneric hybridization physiological races chromosome addition gene location Cereals wheat resistance pathotypes plant parasitic nematodes pest resistance plant nematology nematology Heterodera Triticum aestivum aucccccc chenorrhynchalllairffgustr lacorthum t tomaticallyneumnxxx5xiiliairesV8Veclnaeuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;1B1P1R1Z1\1^1_1111B001JAkARbbacit^kenllinglinumR nacetifoliaguytseiotsukiupinxschx_xxonomyE yloras greater than that of the F addition lines with 2n = 44; this is attributed to differences in genetic background. The resistance also varied with pathotype; more fef Entomologia  cd c  c c cm c~ c/ c. c1 c3 ca c8 cu cD cF cG cH cJ cK c_ c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c| c c c c c c c cY c c c cal l e e e e` e e e e e5 q que yy y y y st y7 P[ P P P P P P P P h o Sit:< on winter w:P:`< P-h?.:/.N2O n P?(N>.T/. N>X. njN^NuNV`t n0.HR P"n2.H"QCAp"Q n 0.H P"n 2.Hґ"A"0n/ n 0.HА @/NLNqPRn n P0h2nRnx n P=h n0.H PAC=p Q n 0.HА @B n PShN^NuNV/.NJ management hhattaniifestedshotiiifrrpppppulations syppp pppsrr)  ramoroschchgigot iellleau nakkedlyrseoveqqueur_entareschevinssshosroniet=terteriali hematical i i iilerixsumtiodauration edEityJf*Hx/.HnN>,O Hn/. /.NpO N^NuNVHn/. /.NO n !nN^NuNVHn/. /.N\O B'/.HnJf" n-P-hHn/. /.NO N^NuNVHn/. /.NO 0.N^NuNV nC=Bp Q0/.NX-@Jg/.N>,bX@/. NVNqX=@Hx n0.H PHp/.N>,O n0.H P"n#p8 n0.H P"n#p<$#p@( n0.H P"n3pD,. njN^NuNVN>/ /.NX-@/.N.Montlorpellier r rrdvilkoesppippppppppppppppp p ppRpholoogical y tmetricotericstality s  ssaicccR cowRtlleytuullll l lllyuutelletuuuult iingvementsss i iingSVhuchl ltilinearplevvvvvN>,bX@/. NԨNqX=@BnBn`$ np0 P2.Rn"n:2p|RLDedryver, C. A. Fougeroux, A. Meisseliere, C. de la Pierre, J. S. Taupin, P.Preliminary results concerning the establishment of a model to forecast the risks of outbreaks of Sitobion avenae F. o <.'Outreman, Y. Ralec, A. le Pierre, J. S.p 1999dForaging behaviour of host patches in the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 5 J 4-Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France35404-409 4-Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Francep2+parasitoids hosts discrimination host-seeking behaviour animal behaviour natural enemies agricultural entomology Aphidius rhopalosiphi Sitobion avenae arthropods Aphidius Braconidae Hymenoptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera HemipterauHost discrimination was evaluated in Aphidius rhopalosiphi, a solitary parasitoid of Sitobion avenae. The results suggested that A. rhopalosiphi is able to discriminate between unparasitized and parasitized hosts. However, females did not recognize recently parasitized hosts. The consequences were evaluated of this imperfect host discrimination for foraging behaviour in patches containing different proportions of parasitized hosts. The results showed that patch quality had a significant effect on foraging behaviour. Also, incomplete exploitation of unparasitized hosts was found. It supposes that as the female experiences a risk of self-superparasitism during patch depletion, this risk seems to promote early departure from incompletely exploited patchesFrench Le comportement d'exploitation des patchs d'hotes chez le parasitoide Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Using Smart Source Parsing Supp, 9 ref^:3Outreman, Y. Ralec le, A. Wajnberg, E. Pierre, J.S.. 2001ZSCan imperfect host discrimination explain partial patch exploitation in parasitoidsPEcological Entomology263 271-280Ecological Entomologyd [AR]F@animal behaviour discrimination host-seeking behaviour hosts insect pests natural enemies oviposition parasitism parasitoids plant pests Aphidius rhopalosiphi insects Sitobion avenae Aphidius Braconidae Hymenoptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera HemipteraHost discrimination by Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was first studied on the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Females tended to avoid oviposition in hosts parasitized 3 h earlier. No evidence of host discrimination ability on freshly parasitized hosts was suggested, however, and ovipositional experience had no effect on host discrimination. The effects of host discrimination ability on the exploitation strategy of patches containing different proportions of unparasitized hosts and hosts parasitized for 3 h were studied. Females spent less time on patches with a higher proportion of parasitized hosts, reflecting the females' ability to perceive the potential profitability of the patch. This ability may be based on the nature of the hosts encountered (unparasitized or parasitized). Incomplete exploitation of unparasitized hosts was also observed. It seems that this partial exploitation is related to the inability of A. rhopalosiphi to recognize freshly parasitized hosts. As a female may experience a risk of self-superparasitism during patch depletion, this could promote early departure from incompletely exploited patches. The effect of previous experience on the patch exploitation strategy was also assessed. Females were tested twice on two patches of the same quality. Results suggested that the experience acquired during a previous visit led the females to leave the patch sooner and to lay fewer eggs in parasitized hosts. Patch exploitation strategy may therefore be the result of different factors such as host discrimination and experience. The evolutionary consequences of the results are discussed .'Using Smart Source Parsing 2001. 36 ref$Pierre, J. S. Dedryver, C. A.d 1984pA multiple regression model applied to forecast outbreaks of a cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae F., on winter wheat M \ *#Acta Oecologica Oecologia Applicata952<153-172*#Acta Oecologica Oecologia ApplicataRLdistribution food plants wheat forecasting cereals techniques agricultural entomology Sitobion avenae Triticum France Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Western Europe Europe Mediterranean RegionA multiple regression model developed in France for forecasting outbreaks of Sitobion avenae (F.) on winter wheat is described, based on sampling in 55 experimental fields and on related climatic data between 1975 and 1981. The regression is based on 3 explanatory variables: a single aphid count as near as possible to the heading stage, the accumulated mean temperature during February and the number of days of rainfall in May. It is emphasised that the model does not give accurate forecasts in remote regions, especially in the Paris Basin. The number of erroneous forecasts also depends on the chosen damage threshold, which must be defined very preciselyFrench Un modele de regression multiple applique ala prevision des pullulations d'un puceron des cereales, Sitobion avenae F., sur ble d'hiver Using Smart Source Parsing 14 ref"Pierre, J.S. Dedryver, C.A.d 1985NA model for forecasting outbreaks of the aphid Sitobion avenae on winter wheat / ? Phytoma: 369 13-17Phytoma  [AR]RLdistribution food plants wheat forecasting cereals techniques agricultural entomology Sitobion avenae Triticum France Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Western Europe Europe Mediterranean RegionA model for forecasting outbreaks of Sitobion avenae on winter wheat in France, based on observations since 1975, is described, with comments on its application in various parts of that country and a discussion of prospects for its use in the future ztFrench Un modele de prevision des pullulations du puceron Sitobion avenae sur ble d'hiver Using Smart Source ParsingnhPierre, J.S. Dedryver, C.A. Bayon, F. Fougeroux, A. Gamon, A. Gillet, H. Messeliere de la, C. Taupin, P. 1987yStatistical forecasts of outbreaks of Sitobion avenae and transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus by Rhopalosiphum padi & 5 f :4Comptes Rendus de l'Acadmie d'Agriculture de France737153-167d:4Comptes Rendus de l'Acadmie d'Agriculture de France [AR]Insect pests Forecasting cereals Wheat transmission vectors techniques agricultural entomology Hemiptera Plant viruses Aphididae Rhopalosiphum padi Sitobion avenae Triticum Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus France arthropod pests pests animals arthropods invertebrates insects viruses Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera Rhopalosiphum Aphididae Sitobion Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants luteovirus group plant viruses Western Europe Europe Mediterranean RegionxrIn the west and south-west of France, forecasting of outbreaks of Sitobion avenae on spring wheat and transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus by Rhopalosiphum padi to young autumn cereals was effected by means of decision trees and multiple linear regression, taking into account the stable eco-climatic relations between aphids, food plants and viruses in these areasFrench Previsions statistiques des pullulations de Sitobion avenae et de la vection du virus de la jaunisse nanisante de l'orge par Rhopalosiphum padi Using Smart Source Parsing 13 ref<z persicae; peach; phloem; plant resistance mechanisms electrical penetration 6/Rispe, C. Pierre, J.S. Simon, J.C. Gouyon, P.H. 1998NGModels of sexual and asexual coexistence in aphids based on constraints@&Journal of Evolutionary Biology116685-701d&Journal of Evolutionary Biology [AR]models reproduction sex parthenogenesis fitness frost life cycle overwintering polymorphism survival population dynamics techniques agricultural entomology Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animalsngTwo models are presented to test the hypothesis that in aphids [Aphididae], a particular constraint (the necessity to resist frost) could be the proximal cause for the maintenance of sex. Both models are based on temporal variability in winter survival of asexuals. They showed that: (1) only cyclical parthenogenesis is maintained below a threshold frequency of mild winters, because of the cold-resistance of sexually-produced eggs; (2) above a second threshold, only obligate parthenogenesis is maintained; and (3) in-between, the first model predicted a mixed evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). This would reflect well the geographic distribution of the different types of reproduction. The second model, based on the genetic control of the reproduction system in two aphid species, predicted the maintenance of polymorphism with fluctuating proportions of the two life cycles. Males produced by obligate parthenogens play an essential role in this equilibrium (no stable polymorphism exists if this male production is set to zero). The value of the lowest possible fitness achieved by overwintering asexuals is critical,&Using Smart Source Parsing 3 pp of refD>Rispe, C. Hulle, M. Gauthier, J.P. Pierre, J.S. Harrington, R. 1998vEffect of climate on the proportion of males in the autumn flight of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Hom., Aphididae) O a $Journal of Applied Entomology: 1222129-136:$Journal of Applied Entomology:haclimate biology temperature agricultural entomology Rhopalosiphum padi Aphididae arthropods France Uk Rhopalosiphum Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Western Europe Europe Developed Countries European Union Countries Mediterranean Region OECD Countries British Isles Commonwealth of Nations@The composition of autumn flights of Rhopalosiphum padi was studied in relation to climate. At 10 sites in France and at Rothamsted and Starcross (UK), evidence was sought for a relationship between winter temperature and the proportion of males. By calculating Goldwin's correlogram, significant correlations were detected between cold periods in the early winter and the proportions of males at the five mildest sites, suggesting an effect of temperature on the balance between holocyclic and non-holocyclic clones. The five sites where no significant correlations were detected are generally cold in winter, and are likely to be largely dominated by holocyclic clones. The temperature in late summer/early autumn may also have an effect on the proportion of males*$Using Smart Source Parsing 3, 20 ref$Romanow, L.R. Tjallingii, W.F. 1982b[Stylet penetration of aphids in relation to transmission of a non-persistent virus on melon,VPpuceron, EPG, CMV, muskmelon, melon, Aphis gossypii, rsistance, Myzus persicae,Ent 0207g of outbreaks of Sitobion avenae on spring wheat and transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus by Rhopalosiphum padi to young autumn cereals was effected by means of decision trees and multiple linear regression, taking into account the stable eco-climatic relations between aphids, food plants and viruses in these areasFrench Previsions statistiques des pullulations de Sitobion avenae et de la vection du virus de la jaunisse nanisante de l'orge par Rhopalosiphum padi Using Smart Source Parsing 13 ref  cl*#Collar, J.L. Avilla, C. Fereres, A.` 1997VPNew correlations between aphid stylet paths and nonpersistent virus transmissionEnviron. Entomol. *#9301 Annapolis Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 Entomol Soc Amer263537-544 Environmental Entomology 0046-225XEnt 1635Homoptera, Aphididae, Myzus persicae; mode de transmission; comportement alimentaire, EPG, HELPER COMPONENT; DWARF VIRUS; PENETRATION; LOCALIZATION; POTYVIRUS; RETENTION,~wArticle Collar JL, Csic, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, Dept Protecc Vegetal, C Serrano 115 Dpdo, E-28006 Madrid, SPAIN4-De Berardinis, E. Baronio, P. Baumgrtner, J. 1994 Ecol. Model.Ecological Modelling72 1-2@115-127V`0Dysaphis plantaginea Pass, Homoptera, Aphididae,  jcArticle J Baumgartner, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Plant Sci, Cls B17, CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandcThe effect of aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea Pass, Homoptera, Aphididae) feeding on apple fruit growth   ) Ent 0081 "Dedryver, C.A. Pierre, J.S.d 1987Estimation of the transference function for catches of cereal aphids in a suction trap and their field populations using a variance-covariance multivariable modelAphid migration and forecasting 'Euraphid' systems in European Community countries. Commission of the European Communities, LuxembourgSimulation models Forecasting Insect pests wheat monitoring traps suction traps Techniques models cereals agricultural entomology Hemiptera Sitobion avenae Metopolophium dirhodum Rhopalosiphum padi Aphididae Triticum France arthropod pests pests animals arthropods invertebrates insects Sitobion Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera Metopolophium Rhopalosiphum Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Western Europe Europe Mediterranean Regionf_A model was devised with the aim of using suction trap samples of the aphids Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi to simulate their populations on winter wheat. Data, consisting of daily suction trap catches for 1978-84, daily meteorological records and weekly samples of cereal aphids on winter wheat, were collected near Le Rheu, France. Mean temperature, wind speed and plant growth stage were qualitative factors of the analysis of variance. Suction trap samples, rainfall and maximum temperature were regarded as covariables and introduced to the regression equation by a stepwise procedure. Daily estimations of the field populations by the model were quite good for S. avenae, but not for M. dirhodum or R. padi. It is suggested that this type of model can be used to give information on mean regional infestations on a given dateFrench Estimation de la fonction de transfert entre les captures de pucerons des cereales au piege a succion et leurs populations sur les cultures par un modele d'analyse de variance - covariance multivarie Using Smart Source Parsing 215-224. 5 refo Homopteran nm n np n n n~ nr n  n! n" n# n$ n% n& n' n( n) n/ n. nw nt n0 nh n4 n5 na n n8 n: n= n> n? n@ nu nB nD nF nG nq nH nI nJ nK nN nO nb nU nZ n` n n n n n n n n n n n n n/9=J?<-_Jg/./.N X/.NXN^NuNVNd-@/.NX y=T P/(hN>, X y=T PBh y=T P!nhN^NuNV| y=T P-hhN-@ n P"n"Qf\ n P"n"Q()fF n P"n"Q()f0 n P"n"Q0(if n P"n"Q0(ifp`p@Bn`Z n0.H P"n2.H"Q21pf* n0.H P"n2.H"Q21pfp`p@RnJ.f n P0.hm/.N>, XB.N^NuNVp"-H/.N>+XBg y=T P/(H`0HSWD n PBg y=T P/(L`0HSWD n P@bAphisp p pdpvpppiiiiai9i<i=i>iBiiOiQiii|iiiiiiiiiiidaeooologiezonidaep{ psooonet oanagyrus symbionts tic quewparentlElye eeareeedsssssl llfi idi ieezezelaud1998f Calatayud1994 Calatayud1996 Calatayud1998Campbell1982'Campbell19833/Campbell1983=Campbell1984- Campbell1993- Castanera1996 Caubet19949 Chaubet1995 Chaubet1995 Chaubet1998 Chaubet20019 Chen19955  Chen1996  Chen1996d Chen19970v Chen1997 @BleavesccccCcciiiiing9coq?tin@ee?e@gdekm fte ggsuumes 'i 'i 'i'iinosaei iinnnnnnmmmonnngthettt tterenoooooooo onpp pidoptera s ssytssionspinassestttttte e eeert tthbridgett.uceUvZv[vuuuXuYuuu uehe total time spent by the aphid ingesting sap from the sieve elements of the phloem. On the basis of their stylet penetration activities, individuals were separated into 3 blocks. The first od, P<<&@-ungii, W.F. T<liano, M. Le R; B.. np<&-uLe R; B.o, <<%-uRnRn0.7Caillaud, C.M. Pietro di, J.P. Chaubet, B. Pierre, J.S. 1995Application of discriminant analysis to electrical penetration graphs of the aphid Sitobion avenae feeding on resistant and susceptible wheat; S b $Journal of Applied EntomologyP 1192 103-106P$Journal of Applied EntomologyEnt 0671AFC, Sitobion avenae, EPG, rsistance, plante, puceron, flow chart, cereale, virus, electropenetrographie, analyse discriminante insect pests cereals wheat resistance biology behaviour pest resistance pest control control agricultural entomology Aphididae Hemiptera Sitobion avenae Triticum arthropods Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Sitobion Aphididae Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants<b\The stylet penetration activities of Sitobion avenae were followed with an electronic method (DC-EPG) on resistant and susceptible wheat genotypes. Discriminant analysis was therefore applied to data evaluated on each electrical penetration graphs obtained (EPGs). The variables which mostly explained the resistance-susceptibility status of the wheat genotypes appeared to be related to the ingestion sap event (as represented by pattern E2), either to the time preceding first occurrence of a sap ingestion event or to the total time spent by the aphid ingesting sap from the sieve elements of the phloem. On the basis of their stylet penetration activities, individuals were separated into 3 blocks. The first one was made up the individuals tested on susceptible or slightly resistant wheat ('susceptible block'). The second one contained the individuals tested on 2 resistant genotypes ('resistant block 1') and the third one regrouped the individuals tested on another resistant genotype ('resistant block 2'). These results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of wheat resistance to S. avenae(!Using Smart Source Parsing 20 ref>"wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww0Fp@t|increaseddddddCd i s ssing lyuubationdexicated i i iing oHBvan Helden, M. van Heest, H.P.N.F. van Beek, T.A. Tjallingii, W.F. 1995Development of a bioassay to test phloem sap samples from lettuce for resistance to Nasonovia ribisnigri (Homoptera: Aphididae)C T i J. Chem. Ecol. (!233 Spring St, New York, NY 10013e Plenum Publ Corp216761-774"Journal of Chemical Ecologyc 0098-0331Aphididae; Nasonovia-Ribisnigri; Lactuca-Sativa; Phloem Sap; Bioassay; Rsistance Mechanism; Artificial Diet; Aphid Honeydew; EDTA Chelation; ELECTRICAL PENETRATION GRAPHS; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; LACTUCA-SATIVA L; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; BARLEY; EXUDATION; HONEYDEW; WHEAT; LINESbThe Nr-gene-based resistance of lettuce to the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) has previously been shown to be located in the phloem. Since chemical analyses of the phloem sap had shown no differences between resistant and susceptible lines, a bioassay was developed in order to test samples from resistant and susceptible plants on aphid feeding. For this, whole-plant extracts, honeydew, and EDTA-collected phloem extracts were obtained, and a sensitive bioassay was developed using EDTA samples. The EDTA was removed, and samples were added to a simple sucrose solution or to a complex artificial diet and presented in a choice situation comparing extracts from resistant and susceptible plants. EDTA-collected phloem sap samples from susceptible plants were preferred to those from resistant plants. The resistance is probably based on a feeding deterrent activity of the phloem sap in the resistant plant. haArticle M Vanhelden, Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Entomol, POB 8031, 6700 Eh Wageningen, Netherlands.Ent 0208 Walker, G.P. 1985[Stylet penetration by the bayberry whitefly, as affected by leaf age in lemon, Citrus limon O Entomol. exp. appl.D39115-121.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataHomoptera, Aleyrodidae, Parabemisia myricae, Citrus limon, Stylet, Pntration, Age, Feuille vgtal, Histologie, EPG, site alimentaire , lemon, Citrus limon   $LydiaG1023, Ent 0791 Walker, G.P. Perring, T.M. 1992~Interpretation of AC electronic feeding monitor waveforms from two species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and Parabemisia myricae W f k haProceedings of XIX International Congres of Entomology (Abstracts). Beijing, China, 28/06-4/07/92 213 G1034, Ent 0826, Ent 1548|Aleyrodidae, Homoptera, Insecta, Arbre fruitier, Citrus limon, Parabemisia myricae, Bemisia tabaci, EPG, Stylet, Pntration $LydiaWalker, G.P. Zareh, N. 1992^WAbility of the whitefly, Parabemisia myricae, to discriminate leaf age prior to probing0haProceedings of XIX International Congres of Entomology (Abstracts). Beijing, China, 28/06-4/07/92p 229G1033, Ent 1547Aleyrodidae, Homoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Invertebrata, Prfrence alimentaire, Feuille vgtal, Plante hote, Dprdateur, Arbre fruitier, Citrus limon, Parabemisia myricae, milieu artificiel, comportement alimentaire, RPI, EPG Walker, G.P. Perring, T.M. 1994Feeding and oviposition behavior of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) interpreted from AC electronic feeding monitor waveformsAnn. entomol. Soc. Am.873363-374 4.Annals of the entomological Society of America"G 1241, Ent 0099, Nat 1213Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, Parabemisia myricae, Bemisia argentifolii, Comportement alimentaire, Comportement ponte, Ponte, EPG, $RPIEBeen7tssssss s sstttlefsforegggg hhandg ganinning h hhaviormnmmpm#m$m&m'm(m)m/mtmm;mummmmmmmmmmmmmmmu/u4u;uQuuuuu uuuuuuaala u usfura1 a3 a5 a? aF a a a a-@B .f .eT n N^NuNV y=:=hD y=:p(F=@ y=:=hJB -@/z/.{ n"n0)h=@B0n/?-_Jnf=x BnBBBB|HnHnHn/./././. /.NbO .ܐ-@HnHn?././././.NOJ.g n0n=@B.?.?.?././. Schizaphis/ e e ef e r r/ r; r r m mmitzirankwiwAA AAAAA4A5ARAAAA 'Av ArtPriPerCLencenC e e o ooopoolireddrSringreen ingEa}alingrchEESssCsoncondaaaaaaaa1airee3 eZ rErye llyr retariadoion .- R-n`R T .ܰm TpШ-@`l T h .А @ lP T h . P 0o0 T h .А @ .C"" .-R-n` SJl .nFpЮ-@B T/( ./B ./Hn ./X . TѨ(_N^NuNV/ (n Tp h$N>+ TB(_N^NuNV/ (nHn/. / NNqO Jg T h . PRR-n`( T h .А @R T h jvZd  2,Chen, J.Q. Delobel, B. Rahb, Y. Sauvion, N. 1996b[Biological and chemical characteristics of a genetic resistance of melon to the melon aphid`Entomol. Exp. Appl. Printed in Belgium801250-253`.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataEnt 1196interaction plante insecte, rsistance, puceron, plante, homoptera, aphididae, gene vat, biochimie, RPI, melon, cucumis melo, cucurbitacee, Aphis gossypii, pyrazole, amino acide, phloeme, electrophorese, EPG, comportement; milieu artificiel, test de choixhbIXth International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships - June 24/30, 1995, Gwatt (Switzerland)& Chen, J.Q. Rahb, Y. Delobel, B. 1996QEffects of pyrazole compounds from melon on the melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover  < J "Journal of chemical Ecologyin press x-x "Journal of chemical Ecologyd voir Yvanpyrazole, melon, Homoptera, Aphidae, Aphis gossypii Glover, resistance, plante, mcanisme, milieu artificiel, biochimie, EPG, ecologie, % 3  Chen, J.Q. 1996qCaractrisation biologique et chimique de la rsistance monognique du melon (gne Vat) au puceron Aphis gossypii  S V c c Lyon  INSA LyonpThse 3eme CycleJDChen, J.Q. Rahb, Y. Delobel, B. Sauvion, N. Guillaud, J. Febvay, G. 1997xMelon resistance to the aphid Aphis gossypii : behavioural analysis and chemical correlations with nitrogenous compounds  , Entomol. Exp. Appl. 85 33-44 .'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataEnt 1665Homoptera, Aphididae, Cucurbitaceae, Cucumis melo, Rsistance, Aminoacide, Proteine PP, Phloeme, Proteine HRGP, EPG, RPI, Pyrazole, Aminoacide non proteique, Peptide, Test biologique, Milieu artificiel, comportement, Aphis gossypii, biochimie, virus, Vat2+Chen, J.Q. Martin, B. Rahb, Y. Fereres, A. 1997Early intracellular punctures of two aphids on near-isogenic melon lines with and without the virus aphid transmission (Vat) resistance gene x { Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 103521-536 *#European Journal of Plant Pathology6405, Ent 1693nsticgE ndon4E g4g5ggggeeeeeCerivvpiiiiii iitudinalppezisssssestka uvain wweee eerssssstt tE tdU U uuucerneggggBp Q0/.NX-@Jg/.N>,bX@/. NVNqX=@Hx n0.H PHp/.N>,O n0.H P"n#p8 n0.H P"n#p<$#p@( n0.H P"n3pD,. njN^NuNVN>/ /.NX-@/.N#| Alimentation7! K$ K( K) KD KJ K K KfKALOIDSlReeee& MElongenaMBRACIDJnee nsnbraneks kenb ttinkCrsfinhophyll q q q qquidaseliereTABOLISMtes eorologicalhodssCsoeeeeeeoZologysyCyyyyyyCyylaation  esterases0 opolophium  z x x x x xet pepper, tomato, gerbera and cucumber plants produced in a glasshouse. On sweet pepper the graphs showed that whitefly made many short probes, had long xylem phases, short phloem phases, and the shortest duration of first probes. An opposite probing profile was found on cucumber: longer probes, shorter xylem ph 08 n P-hh <>(0 AuthorYearTitleJournal/Secondary TitleDate@ Record NumberReference Type@-  parasitized o o o ooid e e e e e e s s c c c c c c c c cc ents is M M MMMMiianennMAnsingltttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttteLei LenterenMofon penetrationRStylet TjallingiivanW whiteflyXuen 8)Entomologia 8rimentalis et Applicatapenet HP(the greenhou8hitefly on cucumber, attachment Hp( an electrodHP thin wire is needed. The effects of tethering on the probing behaviour of Trialeurodes vaporariorum were studied by comparing free whiteflies with tethered whiteflies, using g.bWQaZaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaXaYaa a a adhamsgg etermeulen gr geningensq s[ sr sq sa sQ n n n n n n n nI neningenjjnberglkerlllllii i7 iprobing, feeding and ovipositing activities on cucumbers are described. The potential application for the interpretation of resistance mechanisms against whitefly is also discussed. For adults, the A and C patterns represent the probing initiation on the leaf surface and the probing process in mesophyll. The G pattern indicates xylem drinking and the E(pd), (1) & (2) are 2 different activities in sieve elements, relating to phloem ingestion. EPG recordings ident <4NVLpplmnoX,&Johnson, D.D. Walker, G.P. Creamer, R. 2002Stylet penetration behavior resulting in inoculation of a semipersistently tramsitted closterovirus by the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii t .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata: 10220115-123:AR EPG, bemisia4-Kawabe, S. McLean, D.L. Tatsuki, S. Ouchi, T.nhAn improved electronic measurement system for studying ingestion and salivation activities of leafhopperAnn. Entomol. Soc. Am. 487, Ent 1680"EPG, Homoptera, CicadellidaeKawabe, S. McLean, D.L. 1978Electronically recorded waveforms associated with salivation and ingestion behavior of the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons Stal (Homoptera : Cicadellidae)  m  Appl. Ent. Zool.133143-148Ent 1679f5EPG, Homoptera : Cicadellidae, Macrosteles fascifrons  Kawabe, S. McLean, D.L.P 1980RLElectronic measurement of probing activities of the green leafhopper of riceEntomol. exp. Applic.272 77-82d.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Ent 1678, 485$EPG, Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Kawabe, S. 1985\Mechanism of varietal resistance to the rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler) ? U  JARQ192 x-xEnt 1677$EPG, Homoptera, Cicadellidae,e0)Kennedy, G.G. Mac Lean, D.L. Kinsey, M.G. 1978IProbing behavior of Aphis gossypii on resistant and susceptible muskmelon  " $Journal of economic Entomology71 13-16 $Journal of economic Entomology5541, Ent 1795rbehavior, comportement, EPG, Aphis gossypii , resistant, sensible, muskmelon, Cucumis melo, Homoptera, Aphididae,  , Khan, Z.R. Saxena, R.C.@ 1984Electronically recorded waveforms associated with the feeding behavior of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae) on susceptible and resistant rice varieties J ^ J. Econ. Entomol.77 1479-1482@Ent 1681"EPG, Homoptera: Delphacidae$Kimmins, F.M. Tjallingii, W.F. 1985^XUltrastructure of sieve element penetration by aphid stylets during electrical recordingEntomol. exp. appl.39135-1415.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicata` 351VOHomoptera, Aphididae, Piqure, ME, EPG, Phloeme, RPI, Alimentation, cicadellidaeo Kimmins, F.M. 1989bElectrical penetration graphs from Nilaparvata lugens on resistance and susceptible rice varieties 5# 55 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata50 69-79.'Entomologia Experimentalis et ApplicataiAREPG, cicadellidaei& Kimmins, F.M. Bosque-Perez, N.A. 1996fElectrical penetration graphs from Cicadulina spp and the inoculation of a persistent virus into maize .#  - Entomol Exp. Appl.80 46-49.'Entomologia Experimantalis et ApplicataEPG, cicadellidae, Kimsey, R.B. McLean, D.L. 1987xqVersatile electronic measurement system for studying probing and feeding behaviour of piercing and sucking insect4.Annals of the Entomological Society of America80118-129-4.Annals of the Entomological Society of AmericaAR EPgKlinghauf, F.A. 1987(!Feeding, adaptation and excretion82Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control  Amsterdam .'A.K. Minks & P. Harrewijn, Ed Elsevier2A 3225-254in #F173PJpuceron, rsistance, plante, reproduction, revue, nutrition, comportement,&1572 6QE600000 080103c3565d656M6970f12h3j45i7O6l7m8n98o02p1q2r3"4!5I6s7b8$990t1u2v37t888 04 0a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000-0s Avilla1996lS Avilla1997lV Avilla1997le Avilla1997lj Avilla1997lH Avilla1998lBabatola1980 Backus1989lt Backus19969 Backus20000% Backus20002 Baker1993Bakowski19959 Barkley1985^ Bayoun1997lZ Becker1997l Bednar1986l Beek1994i Beek1994i Beek19955~ Beek19969[ Beek1997i!Bellotti20011( Bernays2000 intercellular e l lyp pttestninglymediate  n n aalt7tionalo o v v v v v  v  p p p p  p pretatione edv specificvals e e e eeinal=ntion  s sAgreorrrrrrrrrrr r rxicationav racellulari i if iQ i i i iinsic o o  o  ooducedt t t ttionarus group arthropods arthropod pests pests animals arthropods invertebrates insects viruses Brachycaudus Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera Drepanosiphum potyvirus group plant viruses*$Powell, G. Hardie, J. Pickett, J. A.vpEffects of the antifeedant polygodial on plant penetrationX alimentaire ttionK! K$ K( K) KD KJ K K K KfKALOIDSlReeeeeeeeee e eelesiichf ochemicalsaocatedwedmmiingssmmostnRnnalysesotRttttttttttttttttt t t tt9terationnnatingE onE hE hhoughmmuse cucumber, were recorded for 8 hours on sweet pepper, tomato, gerbera and cucumber plants produced in a glasshouse. On sweet pepper the graphs showed that whitefly made many short probes, had long xylem phases, short phloem phases, and the shortest duration of first probes. An opposite probing profile was found on cucumber: longer probes, shorter xylem phnd feeding behaviour of piercing and sucking insect4.Annals of the Entomological Society of America80118-129-4.Annals of the Entomological Society of AmericaAR EPgKlinghauf, F.A. 1987(!Feeding, adaptation and excretion82Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control  Amsterdam .'A.K. Minks & P. Harrewijn, Ed Elsevier2A 3225-254in #F173PJpuceron, rsistance, plante, reproduction, revue, nutrition, comportement, [&Z YX,UN|XRvan de Wetering, F. Hulshof, J. Posthuma, K. Harrewijn, P. Goldbach, R. Peters, D. 1998Distinct feeding behavior between sexes of Frankliniella occidentalis results in higher scar production and lower tospovirus transmission by females + E .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata881 9-15 0013-8703Clo 129 Thysanoptera/western flower thrips/virus-vector interactions/tomato spotted wilt virus/EPG/image analysis/SPOTTED WILT VIRUS/WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS/FLORISTS CHRYSANTHEMUM/INSECT VECTOR/DWARF VIRUS/THYSANOPTERA/CULTIVARS/PERGANDE/ASSAYFeeding behavior and scar production of male and female F. Occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) were studied in relation to transmission of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis showed that females feed more frequently and intensively than males. The feeding intensity, reflected by silvery scar production and studied by an image analysis system, demonstrated that females induced more numerous scars than males. At the same time, males transmitted TSWV with a higher efficiency than females, indicating that TSWV transmission and scar production are not positively correlated. Furthermore, males produced significantly more local lesions of TSWV than females. These quantitative differences in scar production and transmission of TSWV can be explained by the lower mobility and higher consumption rate of females. The influence of the sex-ratio on crop damage and virus transmission, and thus to the spread of TSWV, is emphasized.(03) Peters D/Agr Univ Wageningen/Dept Virol/Binnenhaven 11/NL 6709 Pd Wageningen/NETHERLANDS (42) English Article (44) 113ZAvan Helden, M. 1990Resistance of lettuce to the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri: are electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) helpful to find the origin o resistance? # 7 Bull. OILB/SROP- 1990101-104Bull. OILB/SROPcVPEPG, Rsistance, Lactuca sativa, Homoptera, Aphididae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, EPG&van Helden, M. Tjallingii, W.F. 1990uElectrical penetration graphs of the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri on resistant and suceptible lettuce (Lactuca sativa) + ? f t xx 308xF?Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Lactuca sativaivan Helden, M. 1992OThe chemical basis of resistance to Nasonovia ribisnigri (Aphididae) in lettuce $ 8  IOBC meeting 1-6t 3383tnLactuca sativa, RPI, Rsistance, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Homoptera, Aphididae, Phloeme, Miellat, Aminoacide, EPGvan Helden, M. 1992LEThe use of electrical penetration graphs in plant resistance researchrXQXX World Congress of Entomology, Symp. "Rec. Adv. in Homoptera Feeding Behaviour"  Beijing, CHI Thomas Say Publ.in press 4060(!EPG, Nasonovia, rsistance, aphid.D=van Helden, M. Thijssen, M.H. Oosterhoff, W. Tjallingii, W.F. 1993_The effect of the Nasonovia resistance gene on the behaviour of Nasonovia ribisnigri on lettucee @ T x submit x-xx 3432pjHomoptera, Aphididae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Lactuca sativa, RPI, Rsistance, Comportement alimentaire, EPG4.van Helden, M. Tjallingii, W.F. Dieleman, F.L. 1993The resistance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to Nasonovia ribisnigri : bionomics of N. ribisnigri on near isogenic lettuce lines  ) 1 E U b Entomol. Exp. Appl.66 53-58 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicatan 3628\VRsistance, RPI, Lactuca sativa, Homoptera, Aphididae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, $nic, EPG&van Helden, M. Tjallingii, W.F. 1993pTissue localisation of lettuce resistance to the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri using electrical penetration graphs 8 L Entomol. Exp. Appl.P683 269-278.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicatae 3230~Homoptera, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Lactuca sativa, Rsistance, EPG, Comportement alimentaire, RPI, Phloeme4.van Helden, M. Tjallingii, W.F. van Beek, T.A. 1994MPhloem sap collection from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): methodology and yield $ 2 J. Chem. Ecol.2012 3173-3190"Journal of chemical Ecologystylectomie, phloeme, EDTA, miellat, Lactuca sativa, laitue, rsistance, plante, homoptera, aphide, mtabolite secondaire, Phloeme, Stylectomie, Miellat, Glucide, Saccharose, Aminoacide, Technique, EDTA, EPG Ent 0652van Helden, M. 1995l;The resistance of lettuce to the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri ' Department of Entomology "Wageningen, The Netherlands Agricultural University 123 ThseP perso EPG 123 pagesv  0@`fXL  V  *    "$&(*,.02468:<>@BDFJLNPRTVXZ\^`bdfhjlnprtvxz|~4/   > P RTVCEGIKMOQSUHZ\^`bdfhjlnprtvxz|~}  "3 &3'p(1W rxYz_*za,|c.JeLNPRT       & B 68:@.0 2Y^`bdfhjlnpv at XJiang, Y.X. Walker, G.P. 2001Pathway phase waveform characteristics correlated with length and rate of stylet advancement and partial stylet withdrawal in AC electrical penetration graphs of adult whiteflies.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 1013 233-246.'Entomologia Experimentalis et ApplicataARinsect pests length phloem plant pests styles techniques wavelengths Bemisia argentifolii insects Bemisia Aleyrodidae Aleyrodoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animalsA technique was developed for measuring the length of stylet insertion during adult whitefly probing. The distance that the labium shortens during a probe was shown to be equal to the length of stylets that were inserted into the plant tissue. The length of labial shortening then was measured in high-magnification video recordings of adult female silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, in conjunction with recording electrical penetration graphs (EPGs - AC method). Using a split-screen device, video images of the whitefly's labium during a probe and the EPG waveforms produced during the probe were recorded simultaneously on the same video tape. On playback, changes in labial length could be measured during specific EPG waveforms to determine the length of stylet insertion that occurred during the waveforms. The focus of the study was on two characteristics of the pathway phase sawtooth waveform: the frequency of voltage peaks and the increase in voltage level that occurs over time during sawtooth waveforms. The rate of stylet penetration was significantly and positively correlated with frequency of sawtooth waveform voltage peaks (r2=0.33) and the length of stylet penetration was significantly and positively correlated (second-order polynomial) with the relative difference in voltage level between the beginning and end of the sawtooth waveform (r2=0.43). Stylet advancement did not appear to occur during the few low-flat waveforms (unknown behavioral correlation) and high-flat waveforms (phloem phase) that were observed. Voltage drops occur sporadically during sawtooth waveforms, and these were associated with partial stylet withdrawal (indicated when the labium increased in length, but the probe was not terminated) with an accuracy of 99%.'Using Smart Source Parsing 2001. 31 ref(!Jiang, Y.X. Nombela, G. Muniz, M. 2001KAnalysis by DC-EPG of the resistance to Bemisia tabaci on an Mi-tomato line ( 6 = ? .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata993295-302cultivars feeding behaviour gene expression genes insect pests pest resistance plant pests tomatoes varietal resistance Bemisia tabaci insects Lycopersicon esculentum Macrosiphum euphorbiae Meloidogyne arenaria Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogyne javanica Bemisia Aleyrodidae Aleyrodoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Lycopersicon Solanaceae Solanales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Macrosiphum Aphididae Aphidoidea Meloidogyne Meloidogynidae NematodanrkThe tomato Mi gene confers resistance to nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne javanica, and to the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Previous greenhouse choice assays with Bemisia tabaci showed that commercial tomato varieties carrying this gene had significantly lower values of host suitability and whitefly reproduction than varieties lacking Mi. This indicated that Mi, or another gene in its region, could regulate partial resistance. In order to characterize this resistance, probing and feeding behaviour of Bemisia tabaci B-biotype was studied with DC Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique on the near-isogenic tomato lines Moneymaker (without Mi) and Motelle (carrying Mi). Significant differences (P < 0.05) between tomato lines were found in EPG parameters related to epidermis and/or mesophyll tissues. On Motelle, a lower percentage of whiteflies achieved phloem phase and they made more probes before attaining first phloem phase, had a higher ratio (number of probes before first phloem phase)/(total number of probes), had a longer total duration of non-probing time, and a longer time before making the first intracellular puncture and before making the first phloem phase. In contrast, most of the parameters related to phloem phase were found not to differ significantly between these near-isogenic lines. The behavioural data strongly suggest that the partial resistance in the variety Motelle is due to factors in the epidermis and/or mesophyll that inhibit the whiteflies from reaching phloem sieve elements. However, once the stylets reach a sieve element, whitefly behaviour did not differ between the two varieties. Thus, phloem sap of the two varieties appears to be equally acceptable to the whiteflies. Further studies are necessary to provide a better understanding of these mechanisms of resistance to whiteflies in tomatoes.'Using Smart Source Parsing 2001. 45 refJohnson, D.D Walker, G.P 1999kIntracellular punctures by the adult whitefly Bemisia argentifolii on DC and AC electronic feeding monitorse . B Entomol. Exp. Appl.y92 257 - 270iEnt 2175Aleyrodidae, EPG, Stylet penetration, Virus transmission, Electrical penetration graph (EPG), Potential drop (pd), Homoptera aleyrodidae, Technique, Plant species LydiaaJ2+Lei, H. Tjallingii, W.F. van Lenteren, J.C. 1997ZTEffect of tethering during EPG recorded probing by adults of the greenhouse whiteflyJ. Appl. Entomol.0x x-x$Journal of Applied Entomologyin press<6EPG, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Homoptera, Aleyrodidaevoir Lei et al. 1998Tonbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb b b b bbbacco4ggether kyommwlerencemateottttttnnnnHnNHP=@Jnf. g8 n P h P h/HnN̓zP/.HnNP=@JnfN. g8 n P h P ht/HnN̓zP/.HnNP=@Jnf. g8 n P h P hx/HnN̓zP/.HnNP=@Jnf. g` n P h P h/HnN̓zP/.HnNHP=@Jnf0n/HnṄR/.HnNP=@Jn`d. g\ n P h P h/HnN̓zPV>Insectes ss-shs:s;ssiicide s s s s s s s:sttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttnsiblepstiveo oorialpalsdrateddd i ttemberQ QUENCErsriallyesooously ologicalcranov`vee"O@" management hhattaniifestshotiiifrrpppption, there also were significant differences in the total number of probes (P < 0.05). The Q biotype showed fewer number of probes and a longer phloem ingestion time (pattern E(pd)B) than those from the B biotype. Hence, our results revealed a clear difference in the probing and feeding behavior between the B and the Q biotypes of B. Tabaci on tomato plants.t(03) Jiang YX/CSIC/Ctr Ciencias Mediombientales/Dept Protecc Vegetal/C Serrano 115 Dpdo/E 28006 Madrid/SPAIN (42) English Article (44) 194AXI :3Janssen, J.A.M. Tjallingii, W.F. van Lenteren, J.C. 1989^XElectrical recording and ultrastructure of stylet penetration by the greenhouse whiteflyEntomol. exp. appl.i521i 69-81.'Entomologia experimentalis et applicataG 1029, G 1955, 4083Aleyrodidae, Homoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Invertebrata, Ultrastructure, Pice buccale, Pntration, Choix site, Alimentation, Transmission, Virus, Microscopie lectronique transmission, $RPI, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, EPG, $bemisia, EPG, transmission virus, Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, EPG, Comportement alimentaire, Stylet, ME, Vection, Virus, Choix plante-hotenJiang, Y.X. Guo, Y.Y. 1996rlThe study of the feeding behaviour of cotton aphid and relative feeding amount on different cotton varieties Acta Phytophylacica Sinica231 1-7d Acta Phytophylacica Sinicarkinsect pests plant pests animal behaviour feeding pest resistance cotton resistance biology behaviour fibre plants pest control control agricultural entomology Gossypium Aphis gossypii arthropods Malvaceae Malvales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Aphis Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animalshbThe feeding behaviour of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, on different cotton varieties was tested by EPG (Electrical Penetration Graph), 6 basic patterns of feeding behaviour were recorded. It was found that the density of hairiness, leaf colour and aphid resistance level of cotton significantly affected its feeding behaviour. As compared with CK (var. African E40), the density of hairiness reduced the feeding time E2, and increased the 1st non-feeding time and penetration frequency. The feeding time E2 of cotton aphid on test hairy varieties was 6.0% of the total test time, only one half of that on CK, and the time percentage of its E2 on red leaf variety was 10%, obviously shorter than that on yellow leaf one (15%, P<0.01). There were significant differences of pattern E2 and C between resistant and susceptible feeding amounts increased with feeding time.(Chinese Using Smart Source Parsing 5 refHAJiang, Y.X. Lei, H. Collar, J.L. Martin, B. Muniz, M. Fereres, A.  1999rProbing and feeding behavior of two distinct biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) on tomato plants 9 G J. Econ. Entomol. 922357-366$Journal of Economic Entomology 0022-0493Clo 170 Bemisia tabaci, Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, biotype B, biotype Q, $EPG, comportement alimentaire, transmission, geminivirus, tomateIThe probing and feeding behavior of 2 biotypes (B and Q) of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), were monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill) ('Riofuego'). Seven EPG waveform patterns were distinguished. B. Tabaci (B biotype) showed a shorter duration of potential drop pattern (4.73 +/- 0.45 s [ mean +/- SE], n = 125), longer time to reach the phloem (209 +/- 23.42 min, n = 22),and more complex pathway patterns than the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Some differences were observed in feeding behavior of the 2 B, tabaci biotypes (B and Q) tested. Interestingly, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in those parameters related with phloem events: total duration of the E(pd),E(pd)1,and E(pd)2 (P<0.01), as well as mean duration of E(pd) and E(pd)B. In addition, there also were significant differences in the total number of probes (P < 0.05). The Q biotype showed fewer number of probes and a longer phloem ingestion time (pattern E(pd)B) than those from the B biotype. Hence, our results revealed a clear difference in the probing and feeding behavior between the B and the Q biotypes of B. Tabaci on tomato plants.t(03) Jiang YX/CSIC/Ctr Ciencias Mediombientales/Dept Protecc Vegetal/C Serrano 115 Dpdo/E 28006 Madrid/SPAIN (42) English Article (44) 194AXI6/Jiang, Y.X. Blas de, C. Barrios, L. Fereres, A. 2000~xCorrelation between whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) feeding behavior and transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus4.Annals of the Entomological Society of America933@573-579 disease transmission disease vectors feeding behaviour insect pests phloem plant pathogens plant pests stepwise regression tomatoes Bemisia tabaci insects Lycopersicon esculentum plant viruses tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus Bemisia Aleyrodidae Aleyrodoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Lycopersicon Solanaceae Solanales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants viruses plant pathogens pathogens geminivirus group plant virusesGThe feeding behaviour of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci was monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique during the transmission process of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus [tomato yellow leaf curl virus] (TYLCV). The behaviour of individual viruliferous whiteflies was recorded on two-leaf stage tomato test plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Riofuego). 213 whitefly individuals were recorded on single test plants during an inoculation access period that ranged from 3.5 to 14 h. Recordings were classified into 4 categories depending of the waveforms observed: group I, including only waveform C (pathway), was associated with a residual 2.4% TYLCV transmission efficiency; group II, showing stylet pathway and a single E(pd)1 waveform, was associated with a 7.4% transmission efficiency; group III, showing stylet pathway and a single E(pd)1 + E(pd)2 waveform, achieved a 23.4% transmission efficiency; and finally group IV, showing pathway followed by several E(pd)1 + E(pd)2 waveforms, was associated with the highest transmission efficiency (37.5%). A total of 16 different behavioral variables was introduced into a stepwise-backward logistic regression model to determine the variables most related to TYLCV inoculation. Among them, the total duration of E(pd)1 was the most significant variable associated with virus inoculation by B. tabaci (P = 0.002, positive relationship). In addition, the regression analysis indicated a strong positive relationship (P = 0.005) between transmission efficiency and total number of E(pd)1 (t = 4.39, beta = 0.45 plus or minus 0.10, r = 0.87), and total duration of waveform E(pd)1 (P = 0.05) (t = 4.00, beta = 0.020 plus or minus 0.004, r = 0.94). The minimum phloem contact E(pd)1 threshold period observed for successful inoculation of TYLCV by B. tabaci on tomato plants was 1.8 minutes. Implications of these results for persistent virus transmission by whiteflies are discussed.'Using Smart Source Parsing 2000. 45 ref0r~ dleLett, J. M. Granier, M. Grondin, M. Turpin, P. Molinaro, F. Chiroleu, F. Peterschmitt, M. Reynaud, B. 2001Electrical penetration graphs from Cicadulina mbila on maize, the fine structure of its stylet pathways and consequences for virus transmission efficiency # 3 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata  1012 93-109disease vectors feeding behaviour maize Cicadulina mbila Zea mays Cicadulina Cicadellidae Cicadelloidea Auchenorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Zea Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plantsFive distinct electrical penetration graph waveforms characterizing the feeding behaviour of the leafhopper C. mbila (a vector of the maize streak virus) on maize (Zea mays) were obtained using a DC based system. The waveforms were distinguished by spectral features and by statistical analysis of their median voltages, durations and time to first waveform recording. By changing the polarity of the system voltage and the level of the input resistor it was shown that the waveforms are mainly determined by the electromotive force (emf) component. Based on the correlation between waveforms and the fine structure of the stylet pathways observed by transmission electron microscopy, insect's activities have been associated with five waveforms: stylet pathway formation (waveform 1), active ingestion (waveform 2), putative stylet work (waveform 3), salivation (waveform 4) and passive ingestion (waveform 5). Like waveform E1 and E2 of aphids, waveforms 4 and 5 of C. mbila correspond to feeding activities in sieve tubes. However, unlike aphids which probe briefly in non-vascular cells, waveform 2 corresponds to active ingestion in cells, where the cell content is partially ingested and hence the organelles' integrity severely affected. These observations suggest that this specific feeding feature, typical of leafhoppers, determines their ability to acquire geminivirus virions located in the plant cell nucleus.'Using Smart Source Parsing 2001. 48 refLyth, M. 1985UHypersensitivity in apple to feeding by Dysaphis plantaginea: effect on aphid biology ( < Ann. appl. Biol. 107d2@155-161 Annals of applied Biology1276, Ent 1669resistance, plante, Homoptera, Aphididae, reaction Hypersensible, pommier, apple, comportement alimentaire, resistance induite, Dysaphis plantaginea:biologie,hypersensibilit,   $ Lydia$Madhusudhan, V.V. Miles, P.W.d 1998Mobility of salivary components as a possible reason for differences in the response of alfalfa to the spotted alfalfa aphid and pea aphid.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata86 25-39 .'Entomologia Experimentalis et ApplicataEnt 1938Homoptera, Aphididae, toxine salivaire, salive, enzymes salivaires, catechol oxidase, peroxidase, rsistance, EPG, Therioaphis trifolii maculata, Acyrthosiphon pisum, phlomeF?Martaresche, M. Fur, C. le Magnusson, M. Faure, J.M. Picard, M.o 2000NGTime structure of behavioral patterns related to feed pecking in chicksGPhysiology and Behavior705443-451 2000CAB, ARPGallus gallus; Gallus; Phasianidae; Galliformes; birds; vertebrates; Chordata; animals; poultry, animal behaviour; chicks; diets; feeding behaviour; pellets; poultry, STATEPGLE Nonrandom time patterns of pecking acts by 16 chicks were detected using the software Theme during three videotaped pecking sessions (M, C, and A). At 15 days of age pecking session, M (mash) was recorded when chicks ate a mash diet. Pecking session C (change) at 16 or 17 days of age was recorded immediately after the change of the diet to pellets presented either as regular cylinders (P) to eight chicks, or as semiovoid (Po) to eight other chicks. Pecking session A (adapted) was recorded 5 or 6 days after adaptation to P and Po. Successful (consumatory) pecks were 72%, 52%, and 61% of all pecks for sessions M, C, and A, respectively. The head of the chicks remained in a steady position between two consecutive pecks for a longer period during C (65% of the time) than M and A (54%). During C, the pecking rate was less for P (0.54 pecks/s) than for Po (0.79 pecks/s). Two consistent time patterns involving four acts frequently observed were: head rotation (or exploratory peck) right arrow head in steady position right arrow consumatory peck right arrow head in steady position with jaw movements. Time intervals within a pattern were stable throughout sessions. However, the proportion of synchronized (included in a pattern) vs. nonsynchronized (not included in a pattern) acts decreased immediately after the change of feed form (session C). These results suggest that pecking at feed is composed of two distinct sets of acts: consistently organized patterns little affected by the form of the pecked particles and nonsynchronized acts that may be involved in sensory information. Massonie, G. 1982GActography of Myzus persicae on suscptible or resistant peach seedlings   .(5th Int. Symp. Insect-Plant Relationship  Wageningen Pudoc, Wageningen 427-Congrs 676, Ent 1683 z5Homoptera, Aphididae, EPG, Technique, Myzus persicae ' 5 2+Lei, H. Tjallingii, W.F. van Lenteren, J.C. 1998}Probing and feeding characteristics of the greenhouse whitefly in association with host-plant acceptance and whitefly strainsEntomol. exp. appl. 88 73-80Ent 1853Trialeurodes vaporariorum, EPG, Phloeme, Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, Rearing history, Host plant, Acceptance ranks, Probing, Phloem feeding, Electrical penetration graph, DC-EPG$ Lydia@9Lei, Hong Xu, RuMei Tjallingii, W. F. Lenteren, J. C. vanu`ZElectrical penetration graphs of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) 1998Acta Entomologica Sinica412o113-1230)Chinese Using Smart Source Parsing 23 refRKRelationships between electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and its probing, feeding and ovipositing activities on cucumbers are described. The potential application for the interpretation of resistance mechanisms against whitefly is also discussed. For adults, the A and C patterns represent the probing initiation on the leaf surface and the probing process in mesophyll. The G pattern indicates xylem drinking and the E(pd), (1) & (2) are 2 different activities in sieve elements, relating to phloem ingestion. EPG recordings identify the oviposition stage, consisting of 2 sub patterns (Ovi-I and Ovi-III). For larvae, the H pattern indicates phloem ingestion, while the L pattern does not, although still in the sieve element. A procedure of stylet withdrawal and repenetration occurs before and after moultinggfeeding behaviour leaves mesophyll oviposition phloem xylem cucumbers pest resistance insect pests plant pests vegetables biology agricultural entomology Trialeurodes Aleyrodidae Trialeurodes vaporariorum Cucumis sativus arthropods Aleyrodidae Aleyrodoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Trialeurodes Cucumis Cucurbitaceae Violales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants.(Lei, H Van Lenteren, J.C Tjallingii, W.F 1999Analysis of resistance in tomato and sweet pepper against the greenhouse whitefly using electrically monitored and visually observed probing and feeding behaviourEntomol. Exp. Appl92 299 - 309gEnt 2179}Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Plant resistance, Tomato, Sweet pepper, Probing, Feeding, DC-EPG, Observation LydialE.A.`ʀb0`F?. `bHunter, W.A.@b n?NNuNV y8F P=hJng,?.N.NqT-@?.N.NqT-@ n-P n=P .=@0nR2nf nHh?.N-4Nq\ n-PJn f0n1n` nJPf HxN N̒X=n`0n2n3PSn0n0n fJnl HxN N̒XJ. g(0n2n3P0n0`ZTAnnan, I.B. Tingey, W.M. Schaefers, G.A. Tjallingii, W. F. Backus, E.A. Saxena, K.N. 2000Stylet penetration activities by Aphis craccivora (Homoptera: Aphididae) on plants and excised plant parts of resistant and susceptible cultivars of cowpea (Leguminosae) ! 2 4.Annals of the Entomological Society of America931133-140dHBcowpeas cultivars growth stages insect pests pest resistance plant pests varietal resistance Aphis craccivora insects Vigna unguiculata Aphis Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Vigna Papilionoideae Fabaceae Fabales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plantsPIDirect current electrical penetration graphs (DC-EPGs) were used to analyse the stylet penetration activities of cowpea aphid, A. craccivora, on plants of aphid-resistant (ICV-12) and aphid-susceptible (ICV-1) cultivars of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata. Aphid stylet penetration on whole plants at seedling, flowering, and podding stages were studied in one experiment, and in another experiment excised leaves from seedling plants, excised flowers, and excised pods were tested. Electrical signals depicting the aphid stylet penetration activities on their host plants were amplified, recorded onto a paper chart recorder, and scored for specific waveform patterns. Compared with similar tissues of ICV-1, intact leaves and excised seedling foliage of ICV-12 plants caused severe disruption of aphid stylet penetration activities. This was manifested in frequent penetration attempts that were abruptly terminated or unsustained, and in shorter penetration times, signifying antixenosis resistance in ICV-12. There was reduced occurrence of E waveforms, which represent stylet activity in plant vascular tissues. Also, prior exposure of test aphids to plants of one cultivar did not significantly influence the expected stylet penetration activities on plants of the other cultivar. Overall, ICV-12 exhibited high levels of resistance against A. craccivora.'Using Smart Source Parsing 2000. 45 reftheirRmmmmmmmmmmmmm m mmssseselvesn  nnoreticalr ryrefffffffforei i i i  i~ioaphissediyEiRiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i i=isyIyyftJngpЮ`p/ nHh n?Bg?. NjON^Nu^tNVBgB?<HnNO ?.HnN\/. HnNFPJg/.HnN2PBHn$?./X(_N^NuNV/ (n T0( (_N^NuNV/ (n T h P-h-h B'Hn/. (_N^NuNV/ (n T!n / NFNqX(_N^NuNV/ (n T!n / N$NqX(_N^NuNV/ (n T!n (_N^NuNV/ (n TJg T"T (nZ TJbGeneticse'qqueA OicEAenadius OMEtsstNtypeSSs ss  o  o o o i i i u i i  i  i  i  iicttuusoographicr alr r rrgiarrberal lingmman5 ystionunde1100322303304130ntique>neii F305t i iiilletrmatttttttttttalouseerstchmittn tersson H ntration H H HflanzenHaaRaceliau gorepulsifiiiwicsidesstttttttttttt\temporalrilynEdediiEingeAebrionisrmurrinateds rionsrrestrisftuliano8stifi idihwh>hsee eeeeeeeeeee eeediiiisiiii i i iing>sht tthereedgingshanttttt"Ac2.Hc$A$Rr2ґPАc0.H @c0.H"@c"Qp)PА2.H Ac Sn`4?.NBT0.H @cpА2.H Ac Sn0.nl ycc ycJ(gR ycHh/<cN̓P`8Rn0.yco ycp(Pйc#cB9c$_N^NuNV/ =yc`f0.H @c0.H"@c"Qp)2.H"Ac2.Hc$A$Rr2ґPАcp`LSnJnn0.J ovoLpiii i4i5ii?i@iAiBiCiEiQiZiiiiis ib i aa?ackbeannssenuuuaryp pan iiRBRBeselRQiunisseevanicaew'euneGGiangnmmmmmmsonweedLcLANE ohnsonnHn n//.Hn0<0Hgp` nC 0pN^NuNV-|nullBBgBBB'Hn0<0HgBgHn0<Tp`7EPG host plants animal behaviour techniques Uroleucon ambrosiae Asteraceae Ambrosia trifida Heterotheca subaxillaris Uroleucon Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Asterales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants Ambrosia Asteraceae Heterotheca2 Uroleucon ambrosiae collected from the eastern and the southwestern United States were studied in relation to host-plant probing. In the field, eastern aphids are highly specific on Ambrosia trifida, while southwestern aphids feed on Ambrosia trifida plus many other species in the family Asteraceae. Electrical penetration graphs of insects on the principal host, A. trifida, and an additional host of southwestern populations, Heterotheca subaxillaris, revealed regional differentiation in host-associated aphid behaviours, specifically in the first phase of subcuticular probing, and in phloem finding activities. Eastern aphids used A. trifida more efficiently than southwestern aphids, but were demonstrably less vigorous in their probing activities on H. subaxillaris..'Using Smart Source Parsing 2000. 25 ref82Bing, J.W. Novak, M.G. Obrycki, J.J. Guthrie, W.D. 1991qStylet penetration and feeding sites of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on two growth stages of maize ( < 4.Annals of the Entomological Society of America845549-5544.Annals of the Entomological Society of AmericaAR\VInsect pests Feeding behaviour Maize biology behaviour agricultural entomology Aphididae Hemiptera Rhopalosiphum maidis arthropods Zea mays arthropod pests pests animals arthropods invertebrates insects Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera Rhopalosiphum Aphididae Zea Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plantsStylet penetration and feeding sites of Rhopalosiphum maidis were observed on the seedling stage (plumule to V1) and the late whorl stage (V15) of maize inbred B96. Of the R. maidis stylets observed, 57% entered plants in the late whorl stage through stomata, whereas only 8% penetrated seedling-stage plants through stomata. The majority of aphids (86%) penetrated seedling plants intercellularly between epidermal cells. Phloem was the preferred feeding site in seedling-stage plants (79%) and plants in the late whorl stage (57%) as indicated by stylet track terminations. In seedling maize, 13% of all stylet tracks had multiple branches, whereas 22% of the stylet tracks in the late whorl stage had multiple branches(!Using Smart Source Parsing 20 refP,&Bliss Jr, M. Yendol, W.G. Kearby, W.H. 19726/Effects of sinigrin on host selection by aphids.'Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata@154 423-437.'Entomologia Experimentalis et ApplicatajcEPG feeding behaviour sinigrin animal physiology agricultural entomology Brevicoryne brassicae Myzus persicae Aphis fabae Aulacorthum solani Acyrthosiphon pisum Aphidoidea arthropods Lipaphis erysimi Brevicoryne Aphididae Aphidoidea Sternorrhyncha Homoptera Hemiptera insects arthropods invertebrates animals Myzus Aphis Aulacorthum Acyrthosiphon LipaphisAn account is given of studies on the feeding response of six species of aphids to sinigrin, a mustard oil glucoside,. Sinigrin was a strong phagostimulant for Hyadaphis erysimi (Kalt.) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), which feed mainly on Cruciferae. H. erysimi was induced to feed on ten species of plants that it does not normally attack when the leaves were treated systemically with sinigrin. To a lesser degree, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was induced to feed on leaves of plants not normally attacked by treating the leaves with sinigrin. Two polyphagous species, Aphis fabae Scop. and Aulacorthum solani (Kalt.), which do not attack Cruciferae, and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), which is restricted to Leguminosae, were deterred from feeding on the leaves of broad bean (Vicia faba) when these had been treated with sinigrin; the greatest response was shown by A. pisum.Detailed studies with H. erysimi indicated that sinigrin affects several phases of feeding behaviour. Initially, water vapour arrests flight activity of the alates and stimulates test probing. Alates detected sinigrin (applied topically to leaves of V. faba) during test probes and subsequent behaviour was similar to that on the usual food-plants. Studies on the penetration of the stylets through Parafilm membranes into various solutions and electronic monitoring of the feeding activity of apterae on sinigrin-treated leaves of plants not normally attacked suggested that sinigrin acts as a stimulant for stylet penetration and assists the finding of the phloem sieve elements(!Using Smart Source Parsing 25 ref,%Blua, M.J. Perring, T.M. Madore, M.A. 1994nhPlant virus-induced changes in aphid population development and temporal fluctuations in plant nutrientsJ. Chem. Ecol.203691-707"Journal of Chemical EcologyEnt 0052nhAphis Gossypii; Homoptera; Aphididae; Cucurbita Pepo; Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus; Aphid Population Growth; Amino Acids; Sucres;